Декаплинг как инструмент оценки устойчивого развития промышленного комплекса
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2024-4-16Ключевые слова:
промышленность, промышленный комплекс, эффект декаплинга, экологизация производства, экологическая безопасность, матрица устойчивого развитияАннотация
В условиях ускоренной технологизации и роста промышленного производства обостряется проблема экологической нагрузки на окружающую среду. В связи с этим актуальной задачей является оценка воздействия промышленного производства на экологическую ситуацию в целях определения достижения параметров устойчивого развития промышленного комплекса региона. Исходя из предположения, что эффект декаплинга представляет собой наиболее эффективный инструмент для определения перспектив устойчивого развития промышленного комплекса региона, в работе обоснован теоретический подход к исследованию взаимообусловленного устойчивого развития промышленных комплексов и экологической обстановки, в контексте которого апробирована методика оценки эффекта декаплинга. Авторская методика основана на комплексном применении научно обоснованных методических подходов для расчета эффекта декаплинга: корреляционный анализ, система аудита эколого-экономических метрик, методика Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития. Синтез результатов диагностики эффектов декаплинга, проведенной на примере промышленных комплексов регионов Уральского экономического района за период 2016–2022 гг., позволил выявить и доказать устойчивую взаимосвязь экономического роста и экологической ситуации в промышленных комплексах регионов. Комплексное применение отобранных методов расчета эффекта декаплинга является существенным преимуществом оригинальной методики, которое позволяет определить позиции промышленного комплекса на матрице устойчивого развития в разрезе: величины эффекта декаплинга и экологической нагрузки. Визуализация результатов в виде матриц устойчивого развития позволила диагностировать позиции промышленных комплексов: Пермского края, Оренбургской и Свердловской областей как динамически устойчивые; Курганской области, Республик Башкортостан и Удмуртия — относительно устойчивые; Челябинской области — ориентированные на устойчивое развитие. Полученные результаты обеспечивают перспективный горизонт дальнейших исследований, связанный с оценкой эффекта декаплинга как индикатора и инструмента устойчивого развития промышленного производства, что послужит базой для определения стратегических направлений и ограничений устойчивого развития промышленности в экологически ориентированной экономике; позиционирования отдельных комплексов в контексте эколого-экономического развития промышленности Российской Федерации.
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