Раскрытие потенциала новой экономики в регионах России на основе анализа его динамики последних 20 лет
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-1-7Аннотация
События последних лет ускорили внедрение новых технологий во всем мире. Этот процесс, вероятно, может привести к увеличению региональных различий, особенно в крупных развивающихся странах, таких как Россия. Рост, основанный на ресурсах, преобладавший в России в последние 20 лет, мог замедлить технологические изменения в большинстве регионов. В статье исследуется регио-
нальный потенциал для формирования новой экономики на основе анализа ее предыдущей динамики. Для этого был разработан комплексный индекс, оценивающий способность регионов создавать, использовать и распространять новые знания и технологии. В регионах России наблюдалась многолетняя тенденция к росту большинства показателей благодаря выравнивающей региональной политике и быстрому распространению информационно-коммуникационных технологий. Результаты теста Грейнджера показали, что экономический рост способствовал формированию новой экономики, хотя обратное влияние индекса знаний на региональный рост не подтвердилось. При этом многие среднерегиональные характеристики не превысили значений начала 2000-х гг., когда цены на нефть начали расти. Темпы экономического роста в последние годы были низкими, а доли занятых в НИОКР и расходов на НИОКР , а также плотность малого бизнеса снизились , особенно в период коронакризиса 2020 года. Между ведущими и отстающими регионами сохраняется значительный разрыв. В соответствии с выявленными типами регионов необходимо проводить диверсифицированную региональную политику. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для обоснования принципов умной специализации в России. В статье измеряется устойчивость или адаптивность регионов к кризисам.
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