Влияние прямых иностранных инвестиций и открытости торговли на экономику Ганы
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2024-1-22Ключевые слова:
ПИИ, открытость торговли, ВВП на душу населения, Гана, экономический рост, коинтеграцияАннотация
Прямые иностранные инвестиции (ПИИ) и открытость торговли — макроэкономические показатели, способствующие экономическому росту. Многочисленные современные исследования подтверждают важность прямых иностранных инвестиций и либерализации торговли. Согласно историческим данным, Гана является нетто-импортером, что создает ряд проблем для местных компаний из-за сравнительных преимуществ многонациональных компаний и эффекта масштаба. В то же время вопрос влияния прямых иностранных инвестиций и открытости торговли на различные экономики остается не до конца изученным. Цель статьи — выявить влияние прямых иностранных инвестиций и внешней торговли на экономический рост в Гане. Для этого были проанализированы ежегодные данные Всемирного банка за период с 1985 г. по 2021 г. В процессе исследования были использованы такие методы, как тест на единичный корень (расширенный тест Дики — Фуллера), тест Энгла — Грейнджера на коинтеграцию и множественный регрессионный анализ (метод наименьших квадратов). Расширенный тест Дики — Фуллера выявил, что переменные нестационарны. Тест Энгла-Грейнджера показал, что переменные коинтегрированы. С помощью регрессионного анализа обнаружено, что как ПИИ, так и открытость торговли оказывают положительное влияние на экономический рост в Гане, показателем роста являлся валовой внутренний продукт. В модели, где в качестве объясняемой переменной используется ВВП на душу населения, влияние ПИИ на этот показатель положительно, а влияние открытости торговли — отрицательно. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о необходимости проведения рациональной политики в области прямых иностранных инвестиций и торговой политики в целях содействия экономическому росту в Гане.
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