Специфика трансформации пространственной системы и стратегии переосвоения Российской Арктики в условиях изменений климата
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/2017-3-1Ключевые слова:
арктическая зона Российской Федерации, изменения климата, климатический фактор, пространственная система, трансформации системы, адаптация, вариативность, стратегииАннотация
Исследованиям воздействий климатических изменений на окружающую среду и социально-экономическое развитие территорий посвящено много работ отечественных и зарубежных ученых, причем значительная часть исследований ориентирована на анализ причин и оценку указанных воздействий в зоне их наибольшей активности - в Арктике. В настоящей статье поставлена нетривиальная задача учета влияния фактора климатических изменений в методологии и практике стратегического процесса современного переосвоения российской Арктики. Данная задача осложняется необходимостью ранжирования значимости социально-экономических последствий указанного влияния как приоритетов государственного управления комплексным развитием рассматриваемого макрорегиона, а также отсутствием эффективных механизмов консолидации, требующихся для этого ресурсов. Проведено обобщение результатов отечественных и зарубежных исследований воздействий изменений климата на природную среду, объекты системы расселения и хозяйственной деятельности в Арктической зоне Российской Федерации с целью обоснования принятия государственно-управленческих решений. Уточнены методологические положения, касающиеся специфики и роли фактора климатических изменений в принятии таких решений в контексте современных представлений о закономерностях трансформации пространственных систем, потенциале их самоорганизации и адаптации к внешним воздействиям. Выявлены общие закономерности и специфика трансформации Арктической зоны Российской Федерации как пространственной системы и влияния на этот процесс климатического фактора. Особое внимание уделено проблемам адаптации к климатическим изменениям коренного населения Арктической зоны Российской Федерации, которое испытывает повышенные риски для здоровья и хозяйственной деятельности, связанные с высокой интенсивностью указанных изменений. Обоснованы рекомендации по использованию вариативного подхода при обновлении стратегий и программ развития Арктической зоны Российской Федерации.Библиографические ссылки
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