Industrial Development in Russia amid the Transition to a Circular Economy and Industry 5.0
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2026-2-13Keywords:
circular economy, Industry 5.0, industrial development, technological development, sustainable development, methodological tools, integral assessmentAbstract
The transition to a circular economy and the rise of Industry 5.0 are creating an increasing demand for comprehensive tools to assess industrial transformation. This study develops a methodological approach for evaluating the levels of industrial development in Russia under these twin conditions and applies it to the period 2015–2024. Empirically, the study draws on official statistical data on Russia’s industrial production, selected according to criteria of comparability and completeness. The methodology integrates structural and logical analysis, a comparative economic approach, min–max normalization of indicators, and integral assessment, complemented by a systematic review of relevant theoretical and empirical literature. The principal output is a CE × I5.0 matrix that enables the classification of industrial development levels across nine quadrants. Analysis of positioning dynamics reveals an uneven trajectory of change. In 2015, industry was situated in Quadrant VI, reflecting moderate circular practices alongside low technological development. Between 2016 and 2018, incremental gains shifted positioning to Quadrant VIII, indicating evolutionary progress without substantial qualitative transformation. By 2019, improvements in both CE and I5.0 indicators signalled a transition to Quadrant V, suggesting gradual adaptation to emerging technological and institutional conditions. Regressions were recorded in 2020 and 2022, attributable to systemic constraints and declining investment activity, while recovery phases in 2021 and 2024 returned industry to Quadrant IV, consolidating a foundation for sustainable development. The empirical findings confirm a robust relationship between the adoption of circular economy principles and the level of industrial technological development. Their joint implementation produces a synergistic effect, manifested in improved economic efficiency, reduced resource dependence, and enhanced long-term resilience of industrial production. The findings offer practical value for the design of industrial and technological modernization programs.
References
Akberdina, V. V. (2023). The Relationship Between Environmental Protection Expenditures and Digitalization Costs. In Aktual’nye Problemy Ekonomiki i Upravleniya: Sbornik Statei XI Vserossiiskoi Nauchno-Prakticheskoi Konferentsii s Mezhdunarodnym Uchastiem (Oktyabr’ 19–20, 2023) [Current Issues of Economics and Management: Proceedings of the 11th All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation] (October 19–20, 2023) (pp. 274–279). Ekaterinburg: Ural State Mining University Press. (In Russ.)
Akberdina, V. V., & Vasilenko, E. V. (2021). Innovation Ecosystem: Review of the Research Field. Zhurnal ekonomicheskoi teorii [Journal of Economic Theory], 18 (3), 462–473. https://doi.org/10.31063/2073-6517/2021.18-3.10 (In Russ.)
Babkin, A. V., Mikhailov, P. A., Shkarupeta, E. V., & Gaev, K. B. (2024). Methodology for Assessing the Digital Maturity of an Industrial Enterprise and Ecosystem Based on Dynamic Co-Evolutionary Potential. π-Economy, 17 (4), 153–178. https://doi.org/10.18721/JE.17410 (In Russ.)
Babkin, A. V., Shkarupeta, E. V., & Polshchikov, T. I. (2023). The Concept of Effective Sustainable ESG Development of Industrial Ecosystems in a Circular Economy. Ekonomicheskoe Vozrozhdenie Rossii [Economic Revival of Russia], (1(75)), 124–139. https://doi.org/10.37930/1990-9780-2023-1-75-124-139 (In Russ.)
Bobylev, S. N., & Solovyeva, S. V. (2020). Circular Economy and Its Indicators for Russia. Mir novoi ekonomiki [The World of New Economy], 14 (2), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2020-14-2-63-72 (In Russ.)
Bryleva, A. S., & Novikov, K. A. (2025). An Integrated Approach to Measuring the Circular Economy: Theory, Methodology, and Regional Application. Finansovyi Menedzhment [Financial Management], (9), 45–50. (In Russ.)
Buletova, N. E., & Yabbarova, R. I. (2025). An Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Circular Economy Model in Regional Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems in Russia. Ekonomika, Predprinimatel’stvo i Pravo [Economics, Entrepreneurship and Law], 15 (7), 4487–4504. https://doi.org/10.18334/epp.15.7.123270 (In Russ.)
de Jesus, A., & Mendonça, S. (2018). Lost in Transition? Drivers and Barriers in the Eco-Innovation Road to the Circular Economy. Ecological Economics, 145, 75–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.08.001
Geissdoerfer, M., Savaget, P., Bocken, N. M. P., & Hultink, E. J. (2017). The Circular Economy: A New Sustainability Paradigm? Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 757–768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.048
Glazyev, S. Yu. (1993). Teoriya Dolgosrochnogo Tekhniko-Ekonomicheskogo Razvitiya [Theory of Long-Term Techno-Economic Development]. Moscow: VlaDar, 310 (In Russ.)
Gong, M., He, G., Wang, Y., Yang, Y., & Li, X. (2025). Collaborative Industrial Agglomeration and a Green Low-Carbon Circular Development Economy: A Study Based on Provincial Panel Data in China. Sustainability, 17 (15), 6950. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17156950
Gureva, M. A., & Yurak, V. V. (2024). Methodological Tools for Determining the Impact of Environmental Intelligence on the Level of Development of the Circular Economy in the Oil and Gas Industry of Russia. Izvestiya Ural’skogo Gosudarstvennogo Gornogo Universiteta [News of the Ural State Mining University], (4(76)), 161–174. https://doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2024-4-161-174 (In Russ.)
Hsu, C.-H., Li, Z.-H., Zhuo, H.-J., & Zhang, T.-Y. (2024). Enabling Industry 5.0-Driven Circular Economy Transformation: A Strategic Roadmap. Sustainability, 16 (22), 9954. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16229954
Ignatyeva, M. N., Yurak, V. V., Dushin, A. V., & Strovsky, V. E. (2021 a). Technogenic Mineral Accumulations: Problems of Transition to Circular Economy. Gornye Nauki i Tekhnologii [Mining Science and Technology], 6 (2), 73–89. https://doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2021-2-73-89
Ignatyeva, M., Yurak, V., Dushin, A., Strovsky, V., Zavyalov, S., Malyshev, A., & Karimova, P. (2021 b). How Far Away are World Economies from Circularity: Assessing the Capacity of Circular Economy Policy Packages in the Operation of Raw Materials and Industrial Wastes. Sustainability, 13 (8), 4394. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084394
Kirchherr, J., Reike, D., & Hekkert, M. (2017). Conceptualizing the Circular Economy: An Analysis of 114 Definitions. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 127, 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.09.005
Kirilchuk, S. P., Tashenova, L. V., & Nalivaichenko, E. V. (2024). Existential Focus in the Development of Organizations in the Transition to Industry 5.0. π-Economy, 17 (4), 7–24. https://doi.org/10.18721/JE.17401 (In Russ.)
Kirsanov, A. K. (2023). Chinese Mining Industry: State of the Art Review. Gornye Nauki i Tekhnologii [Mining Science and Technology], 8 (2), 115–127. https://doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2022-11-35 (In Russ.)
Kleiner, G. B. (2022). Inclusive Growth in a Circular Economy. Ekonomicheskoe Vozrozhdenie Rossii [Economic Revival of Russia], (3(73)), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.37930/1990-9780-2022-3-73-37-44 (In Russ.)
Kleiner, G. B. (2023). Economic Cycles in Time and Space: Opportunities for Synthesis. Nauchniye trudy Volnogo Ekonomicheskogo obscchestva Rossii [Scientific Works of the Free Economic Society of Russia], 240 (2), 138–168. https://doi.org/10.38197/2072-2060-2023-240-2-138-168 (In Russ.)
Kleiner, G. B., Rybachuk, M. A., & Zhdanov, D. A. (2023). Intelligence as a Factor of Firm’s Activity: Empirical Research. Zhurnal institutsionalnyh issledovanii [Journal of Institutional Studies}, 15 (4), 18–34. https://doi.org/
10.17835/2076-6297.2023.15.4.018-034 (In Russ.)
Kudryashov, V. S., & Malevskaya-Malevich, E. D. (2024). Analysis of the Conceptual and Principal Foundations of a Circular Economic System Model. Vestnik NII Gumanitarnykh Nauk pri Pravitel’stve Respubliki Mordoviya [Bulletin of the Research Institute of the Humanities by the Government of the Republic of Mordovia], 16 (1(69)), 12–20. (In Russ.)
Kudryavtseva, O. V., Mitenkova, E. N., & Solodova, M. A. (2019). Circular Economy: Prospects for Sustainable Development in Russia. Ekonomicheskoe vozrozhdenie Rossii [Economic Revival of Russia], (3(61)), 115–126. (In Russ.)
Lavrikova, Yu. G., Buchinskaya, O. N., & Vegner-Kozlova, E. O. (2022). Green Energy Transition of the Russian Industry: Barriers and Ways to Overcome Them. AlterEconomics, 19 (4), 638–662. https://doi.org/10.31063/AlterEconomics/2022.19-4.5 (In Russ.)
Lavrikova, Yu. G., Vasilyeva, E. N., Myslyakova, Yu. G., Suvorova, A. V., Bersenev, V. L., Bakshaev, A. A., Tsemenkova, S. I., Uskova, A. Yu., Salomatova, Yu. V., Kul’kova, I. A., Sekitski-Pavlenko, O. O., Bedrina, E. B., Kozlova, O. A., Neklyudova, N. P., Makarova, M. N., Antonova, O. A., Lopaeva, V. A., Voronina, L. N., Antropov, V. A. … Livenets, M. I. (2024). Bol’shoi Ural: Sotsial’no-Ekonomicheskie i Prostranstvennye Izmeneniya v Pervye Desyatiletiya XXI Veka [Greater Ural: Socio-Economic and Spatial Changes in the First Decades of the 21st Century]. Ekaterinburg: Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 607. (In Russ.)
Malevskaya-Malevich, E. D. (2024). A Systematic Approach and Framework for Assessing ESG Ratings of Industrial Enterprises and Ecosystems. π-Economy, 17 (2), 163–175. https://doi.org/10.18721/JE.17209 (In Russ.)
Matyugina, E. G., Vusovich, O. V., & Malikov, A. V. (2024). Employee Well-Being in the Context of Transition to Industry 5.0. Kreativnaya ekonomika [Creative Economy], 18 (2), 435–454. https://doi.org/10.18334/ce.18.2.120479 (In Russ.)
Mesjasz-Lech, A., Kemendi, Á., & Michelberger, P. (2024). Circular Manufacturing and Industry 5.0: Assessing Material Flows in the Manufacturing Process in Relation to E-Waste Streams. Engineering Management in Production and Services, 16 (1), 114–133. https://doi.org/10.2478/emj-2024-0009
Mitskevich, A. (2018). Management scales: Indicator scales without planned values. Upravlenie Predpriyatiem [Enterprise Management]. URL: https://upr.ru/article/upravlencheskie-shkaly-chast-1-shkaly-pokazateley-bez-planovogo-znacheniya/ (Date of access: 10.01.2026). (In Russ.)
Mochalova, L. A. (2020). Circular Economy in the Context of Implementing the Concept of Sustainable Development. Journal of New Economy, 21 (4), 5–27. https://doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2020-21-4-1 (In Russ.)
Pakhomova, N. V., Richter, K. K., & Vetrova, M. A. (2017). Transition to Circular Economy and Closed-Loop Supply Chains as Driver of Sustainable Development. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta. Ekonomika [Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Economics], 33 (2), 244–268. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu05.2017.203 (In Russ.)
Petrov, V. L., Burmatova, E. K., & Pichuev, A. V. (2025). Integration of Digital Technologies into the Design Process of Power Supply Systems for Mining Enterprises. Gornye Nauki i Tekhnologii [Mining Science and Technology], 10 (4), 393–403. https://doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2025-09-461
Romanova, O. A., & Sirotin, D. V. (2024). From Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0: Challenges and Opportunities for the Development of Russian Metallurgy. Stal’ [Steel], (1), 46-52. (In Russ.)
Shafique, M. N., Adeel, U., & Rashid, A. (2024). The Synergy Between Industry 5.0 and Circular Economy for Sustainable Performance in the Chinese Manufacturing Industry. Sustainability, 16 (22), 9952. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16229952
Shkarupeta, E. V. (2022). Industrial Circular Ecosystems: Concept and Classification. In Dvenadtsatye Charnovskie Chteniya: Sbornik Trudov XII Vserossiiskoi Nauchnoi Konferentsii po Organizatsii Proizvodstva (02 Dekabrya 2022 G.) [Proceedings of the 12th Charnovsky Readings: All-Russian Scientific Conference on Production Organization (December 2, 2022)] (pp. 131–135). Moscow: Bauman Moscow State Technical University; Association of Controllers. (In Russ.)
Shkarupeta, E. V., & Ilyina, E. A. (2022). Digital Circular Economy: Concept, Model, Strategies, Framework, and Technologies. Organizator Proizvodstva [Organizer of Production], 30 (4), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.36622/VSTU.2022.30.4.001 (In Russ.)
Shkarupeta, E. V., & Babkin, A. V. (2023). Transformation of Economic Model: Comparative Analysis of Intellectual, Intelligent and Smart Economy in the Context of Digitalization. Ekonomika i Menedzhment [Economics and Management], 29 (12), 1481–1490. https://doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2023-12-1481-1490 (In Russ.)
Shkarupeta, E. V. (2024). Methodology for Assessing the Circular Maturity of an Industrial Ecosystem. In Tsirkulyarnaya Ekonomika dlya Tselei Ustoichivogo Razvitiya Otraslei i Territorii: Materialy Natsional’noi Nauchno-Prakticheskoi Konferentsii Voronezhskii Gosudarstvennyi Lesotekhnicheskii Universitet Im. G. F. Morozova (14–15 Maya 2024 G.) [Circular Economy for Sustainable Development of Industries and Territories: Proceedings of the National Scientific and Practical Conference (May 14–15, 2024)] (pp. 419–423). Voronezh: Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies. https://doi.org/10.58168/CIRCULAR2024_419-423 (In Russ.)
Süle, E., Keogh, J. G., Rejeb, A., & Rejeb, K. (2025). When Industry 5.0 Meets the Circular Economy: A Systematic Literature Review. Circular Economy and Sustainability, 5, 2621–2652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-025-00570-y
Vaulin, A. A., & Bulenko, I. Yu. (2025). Achieving Sustainability of Industrial Production Through the Integration of Circular Economy Principles and Advanced Industry 5.0 Automation Technologies. Ekonomika: Vchera, Segodnya, Zavtra [Economics: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow], 15 (5А), 32–43. https://doi.org/10.34670/AR.2025.75.53.003 (In Russ.)
Vegner-Kozlova, E. O., & Guman, O. M. (2020). Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of the Eco-Industrial Space Development. Journal of New Economy, 21 (4), 28–44. https://doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2020-21-4-2 (In Russ.)
Vetrova, M. A. (2021). Development of the Circular Economy to Mitigate the Threats of Digital Transformation in the Context of Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. In Tekhnologicheskie Trendy i Naukoemkaya Ekonomika: Biznes, Otrasli, Regiony [Technological Trends and Knowledge-Intensive Economy: Business, Industries, Regions] (pp. 474–488). Saint Petersburg: Asterion Center for Scientific and Information Technologies. (In Russ.)
Vetrova, M. A. (2025). Assessment of the Maturity of Russian Regions for the Development of the Low-Carbon Circular Economy. Ekonomika Ustoichivogo Razvitiya [Sustainable Development Economics], (1(61)), 50–60. (In Russ.)
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Юрак Вера Васильевна, Гурьева Мария Андреевна , Полянская Ирина Геннадьевна
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
