<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><issn publication-format="print">2072-6414</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17059/ekon.reg.2024-4-17</article-id><title-group xml:lang="en"><article-title>A New Role for Unregulated Activities in the Regional Economic Power Industry</article-title></title-group><title-group xml:lang="ru"><article-title>Новая роль нерегулируемой деятельности в электроэнергетике региона</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5943-7659</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gitelman </surname><given-names>Lazar D. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гительман </surname><given-names>Лазарь Давидович </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ldgitelman@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4463-5625</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhevnikov</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.  </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожевников</surname><given-names>Михаил Викторович </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>np.fre@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4486-936X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ditenberg </surname><given-names>Maksim K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дитенберг </surname><given-names>Максим Кириллович </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>mk.ditenberg@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-29" publication-format="electronic"/><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>1238</fpage><lpage>1254</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-07-11"/><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-09-27"/></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright © 2024 Lazar D. Gitelman, Mikhail V. Kozhevnikov, Maksim K. Ditenberg</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright © 2024 Лазарь Давидович Гительман, Михаил Викторович Кожевников, Максим Кириллович  Дитенберг</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lazar D. Gitelman, Mikhail V. Kozhevnikov, Maksim K. Ditenberg</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лазарь Давидович Гительман, Михаил Викторович Кожевников, Максим Кириллович  Дитенберг</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read/><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="html" mimetype="text/html" xlink:title="article webpage" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/937">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/937</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" mimetype="application/pdf" xlink:title="article pdf" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/937/368">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/937/368</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A potential solution to the problem of attracting investment in the electric power industry, resulting from economic growth and regional restructuring, is to foster industrial entrepreneurship and create a more conducive environment for investment. This article examines the economic prerequisites, key areas of opportunity, and organizational conditions required to develop energy businesses in unregulated sectors as a means of diversification. The research draws on Russian and international studies on diversification and entrepreneurship in the energy sector, as well as expert insights from surveys and interviews with specialists from major Ural energy companies, including Rosseti Ural, T Plus, and Chelyabloblkommunenergo. This study explores various forms of sectoral diversification, focusing on integration strategies that broaden the scope of energy services in emerging market segments. Key areas include small-scale power generation, electrification, and energy demand management, all driven by cutting-edge scientific and technological advancements. The research highlights that state support for entrepreneurship is most effective in areas closely aligned with the core activities of energy companies, as well as in sectors that have a strong regional socio-economic impact. Theoretically, the study contributes to the field by identifying entrepreneurial opportunities in the electric power industry and examining the organizational and economic impacts of non-regulated activities. Practically, the study offers recommendations for industry stakeholders and regional authorities on how to regulate and stimulate entrepreneurship in the sector.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обострение проблемы привлечения инвестиций в электроэнергетику в связи с экономическим ростом и структурной перестройкой экономики регионов актуализирует развитие отраслевого предпринимательства. В статье определены экономические предпосылки, перспективные направления и организационные условия создания энергетического бизнеса в нерегулируемых видах деятельности как формы его диверсификации и фактора мотивации собственников и инвесторов к участию в программах модернизации. Информационной базой исследования являлись авторитетные отечественные и зарубежные научные публикации, посвященные проблеме диверсификации и развитию предпринимательства в энергетике, а также экспертные оценки, собранные авторами в результате анкетных опросов и интервью с руководителями и специалистами крупнейших энергокомпаний Уральского региона ПАО «Россети Урал», ПАО «Т Плюс», АО «Челябоблкоммунэнерго». Обосновано, что комплексная диверсификация в электроэнергетике обеспечивает повышение устойчивости регионального электроснабжения в аспектах надежности, экономичности, экологичности и безопасности; при этом главным фактором диверсификации является прогресс в области техники, организации энергетического производства и рыночных механизмов. Выделены формы отраслевой диверсификации, среди которых перспективный интерес представляют интеграционные процессы, сфокусированные на расширении спектра энергетических сервисов в активно формирующихся рыночных сегментах, использующих новейшие научно-технические достижения: малой энергетики и распределенной генерации, электрификации, управления спросом на энергию. Показано, что поощрение предпринимательства со стороны государства наиболее целесообразно в сферах бизнеса, непосредственно связанных с основным профилем энергокомпаний, а также имеющих повышенное социально-экономическое значение для региона ее присутствия. Теоретическая новизна исследования заключается в определении перспективных направлений предпринимательства в электроэнергетике и идентификации организационно-экономических эффектов при освоении энергокомпаниями нерегулируемых видов деятельности. Практическая значимость статьи выражается в содержании рекомендаций для отраслевых субъектов и региональных органов управления по ограничениям и стимулированию предпринимательства в электроэнергетике.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sustainable development, regional energy, diversification, unregulated activities, energy business, knowledge-intensive service, electrification, demand-side management, energy transition</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>устойчивое развитие, энергетика региона, диверсификация, нерегулируемые виды деятельности, энергетический бизнес, наукоемкий сервис, электрификация, управление спросом, энергетический переход</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body/><back><ack xml:lang="en"><p>The research funding from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Ural Federal University Program of Development within the Priority-2030 Program) is gratefully acknowledged.</p></ack><ack xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации в рамках Программы развития Уральского федерального университета имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина в соответствии с программой стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет-2030».</p></ack><ref-list><ref id="en-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afuah, A. (2012). Are network effects really all about size? The role of structure and conduct. Strategic Management Journal, 34 (3), 257–273. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2013</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmed, N., Sheikh, A. A., Mahboob, F., Ali, M. S. e., Jasińska, E., Jasiński, M., Leonowicz, Z., &amp; Burgio, A. (2022). Energy Diversification: A Friend or Foe to Economic Growth in Nordic Countries? A Novel Energy Diversification Approach. Energies, 15, 5422. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155422</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref3"><label>3</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bushuev, V. (2022). Energy as a Stabilizing Factor in an Unstable World. Ènergetičeskaâ politika [Energy Policy], 8, 6–19. https://doi.org/10.46920/2409–5516_2022_8174_6 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref4"><label>4</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cherepovitsyn, A., Kazanin, A., &amp; Rutenko, E. (2023). Strategic Priorities for Green Diversification of Oil and Gas Companies. Energies, 16, 4985. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16134985</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref5"><label>5</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dushenin, A. I., Ershov, Yu. S., &amp; Ibragimov, N. M. (2024). Import Intensity of the Russian Economy. Ekonomika regiona [Economy of Regions], 20 (1), 33–47. https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2024-1-3 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref6"><label>6</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gitelman, L. D., Kozhevnikov, M. V., &amp; Ratnikov, B. E. (2023). Energy Transition: A Guide for Realists. Moscow: SOLON-Press, 396. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref7"><label>7</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gitelman, L. D., &amp; Ratnikov, B. E. (2014). Economics and Business in the Electric Power Industry. Moscow: Ekonomika, 432. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref8"><label>8</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gitelman, L. D., Kozhevnikov, M. V., &amp; Ditenberg, M. K. (2024). Electrification as a factor in replacing hydrocarbon fuel. Energy, 307, 132800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.132800</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref9"><label>9</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gitelman, L., Kozhevnikov, M., &amp; Visotskaya, Y. (2023). Diversification as a Method of Ensuring the Sustainability of Energy Supply within the Energy Transition. Resources, 12, 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12020019</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref10"><label>10</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamwi, M., &amp; Hamwi, I. (2017). A review of business models towards service-oriented electricity systems. Procedia CIRP, 64, 109–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2017.03.032</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref11"><label>11</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalantzis, F., &amp; Niczyporuk, H. (2022). Labour productivity improvements from energy efficiency investments: The experience of European firms. Energy, 252, 123878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.123878</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref12"><label>12</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korovin, G. B. (2023). Comparative Assessment of Digitalisation in Russian Industrial Regions. Ekonomika regiona [Economy of Regions], 19 (1), 60-74. https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-5 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref13"><label>13</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lampis, A., Martín, M. M. M., Zabaloy, M. F., Soares, R. S., Guzowski, C., Mandai, S. S., Lazaro, L. L. B., Hermsdorff, S. M. G. L., &amp; Bermann, C. (2022). Energy transition or energy diversification? Critical thoughts from Argentina and Brazil. Energy Policy, 171, 113246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113246</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref14"><label>14</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muniz, R. N., da Costa Júnior, C. T., Buratto, W. G., Nied, A., &amp; González, G. V. (2023). The Sustainability Concept: A Review Focusing on Energy. Sustainability, 15, 14049. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914049</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref15"><label>15</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Papkov, B. V., Ilyushin, P. V., &amp; Kulikov, A. L. (2021). Reliability and Efficiency of Modern Electricity Supply. Nizhniy Novgorod: Nauchno-izdatel’skiy tsentr «XXI vek», 160 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref16"><label>16</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pau, M., Mirz, M., Dinkelbach, J., McKeever, P., Ponci, F., &amp; Monti, M. (2022). A Service Oriented Architecture for the Digitalization and Automation of Distribution Grids. IEEE Access, 10, 37050–37063. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3164393</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref17"><label>17</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perminov, E. M. (2024). Issues of Energy Ecology and Climate Change. Energetika za rubezhom, 1, 29–51 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref18"><label>18</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryabchik, A. P., Sharkova, A. V. (2023). Small energy is a driver of Russia’s spatial development. Nauchnyye trudy Vol’nogo ekonomicheskogo obshchestva Rossii [Scientific Works of the Free Economic Society of Russia]. 5, 412–432. https://doi.org/10.38197/2072–2060-2023-243-5-412-432 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref19"><label>19</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schaffer, M., Bollhöfer, F. C., &amp; Üpping, J. (2022). Load shifting potential of electric vehicles using management systems for increasing renewable energy share in smart grids. International Journal of Energy Production and Management, 7 (2), 101–113. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V7-N2-101-113</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref20"><label>20</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shastitko, A. E., &amp; Markova, O. A. (2020). An Old Friend is Better than Two New Ones? Approaches to Market Research in the Context of Digital Transformation for the Antitrust Laws Enforcement. Voprosy ekonomiki, (6), 37-55. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042–8736-2020-6-37-55 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref21"><label>21</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simonov, K. V., Buriachenko, A. O. (2022) Multi-Vector Diversification Concept for Russian Oil and Gas Company: Prerequisistes, Trends, Opportunities. Management Sciences. 12 (4), 20-35. https://doi.org/10.26794/2304-022X-2022-12-4-20-35 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref22"><label>22</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh, M., Jiao, J., Klobasa, M., Frietsch, R. (2022). Servitization of Energy Sector: Emerging Service Business Models and Startup’s Participation. Energies, 15, 2705. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072705</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref23"><label>23</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spittler, N., Gladkykh, G., Diemer, A., Davidsdottir, B. (2019). Understanding the Current Energy Paradigm and Energy System Models for More Sustainable Energy System Development. Energies, 12, 1584. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081584</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref24"><label>24</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Swiatowiec-Szczepanska, J., &amp; Stepien, B. (2022). Drivers of Digitalization in the Energy Sector — The Managerial Perspective from the Catching Up Economy. Energies, 15, 1437. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041437</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref25"><label>25</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarnopolskiy, S. (2012). Energy Diversification — The Basis for Sustainable Development of Russia. Obozrevatel — Observer, 2, 33–39 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref26"><label>26</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taylor, R., Bodel, W., Stamford, L. &amp; Butler, G. (2022a). A Review of Environmental and Economic Implications of Closing the Nuclear Fuel Cycle — Part One: Wastes and Environmental Impacts. Energies, 15 (4), 1433. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041433</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref27"><label>27</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taylor, R., Bodel, W. &amp; Butler, G. (2022b). A Review of Environmental and Economic Implications of Closing the Nuclear Fuel Cycle — Part Two: Economic Impacts. Energies, 15 (7), 2472. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072472</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref28"><label>28</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thanh, T. T., Ha, L. T., Dung, H. P., &amp; Huong, T. T. L. (2022). Impacts of digitalization on energy security: evidence from European countries. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02545-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref29"><label>29</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voropai, N. I., Ukolova, E. V., Gerasimov, D. O., Suslov, K. V., Lombardi, P., Komarnicki, P. (2018). Study of a multi-power facility by simulation modeling methods. Proceedings of Irkutsk State Technical University, 22 (12), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.21285/1814–3520-2018-12-157-168 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref30"><label>30</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Westerman, W., De Ridder, A., &amp; Achtereekte, M. (2020). Firm performance and diversification in the energy sector. Managerial Finance, 46 (11), 1373–1390. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-11-2019–0589</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref31"><label>31</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang, L., Fu, S., Tian, J., Peng, J. (2022). A Review of Energy Industry Chain and Energy Supply Chain. Energies, 15, 9246. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15239246</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref32"><label>32</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zorina, S. (2021). Diversification as a Path to New Energy. Sibirskaya neft’, (2), 10–13 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бушуев, В. (2022). Энергетика — стабилизирующий фактор в нестабильном мире. Энергетическая политика, 8, 6–19. https://doi.org/10.46920/2409–5516_2022_8174_6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воропай, Н. И., Уколова, Е. В., Герасимов, Д. О., Суслов, К. В., Ломбарди, П., Комарницки, П. (2018). Исследование мультиэнергетического объекта методами имитационного моделирования. Вестник Иркутского государственного технического университета, 22 (12), 157–168. https://doi.org/ 10.21285/1814–3520-2018-12-157-168.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref3"><label>3</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гительман, Л. Д., Кожевников, М. В., Ратников, Б. Е. (2023). Энергетический переход. Руководство для реалистов. Москва: СОЛОН-Пресс, 396.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref4"><label>4</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гительман, Л. Д., Ратников, Б. Е. (2014). Экономика и бизнес в электроэнергетике. Москва: Экономика, 432.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref5"><label>5</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Душенин, А. И., Ершов, Ю. С., Ибрагимов, Н. М. (2024). Импортоёмкость регионов российской экономики. Экономика региона, 20 (1), 33–47. https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2024-1-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref6"><label>6</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зорина, С. (2021). Диверсификация как путь в новую энергетику. Сибирская нефть, 2 , 10–13.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref7"><label>7</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коровин, Г. Б. (2023). Сравнительная оценка цифровизации индустриальных регионов РФ. Экономика региона, 19 (1), 60–74. https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref8"><label>8</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Папков, Б. В., Илюшин, П. В., Куликов, А. Л. (2021). Надежность и эффективность современного электроснабжения. Нижний Новгород: Научно-издательский центр «XXI век», 160.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref9"><label>9</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Перминов, Э. М. (2024). Вопросы экологии энергетики и изменения климата. Энергетика за рубежом. Приложение к журналу «Энергетик», 1, 29–51.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref10"><label>10</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рябчик, А. П., Шаркова, А. В. (2023). Малая энергетика — драйвер пространственного развития России. Научные труды Вольного экономического общества России, 5, 412–432. https://doi.org/10.38197/2072–2060-2023-243-5-412-432.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref11"><label>11</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Симонов, К. В., Буряченко, А. О. (2022). Концепция многовекторной диверсификации российской нефтегазовой компании: предпосылки, направления, возможности. Управленческие науки, 12 (4), 20–35. https://doi.org/10.26794/2304-022X2022-12-4-20-35</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref12"><label>12</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тарнопольский, С. (2012). Диверсификация энергетики — основа устойчивого развития России. Обозреватель — Observer , 2, 33–39.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref13"><label>13</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шаститко, А. Е., Маркова, О. А. (2020). Старый друг лучше новых двух? Подходы к исследованию рынков в условиях цифровой трансформации для применения антимонопольного законодательства. Вопросы экономики, 6, 37-55. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042–8736-2020-6-37-55</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref14"><label>14</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Afuah, A. (2012). Are network effects really all about size? The role of structure and conduct. Strategic Management Journal, 34 (3), 257–273. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/smj.2013</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref15"><label>15</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmed, N., Sheikh, A. A., Mahboob, F., Ali, M. S. e., Jasińska, E., Jasiński, M., Leonowicz, Z., &amp; Burgio, A. (2022). Energy Diversification: A Friend or Foe to Economic Growth in Nordic Countries? A Novel Energy Diversification Approach. Energies, 15, 5422. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155422</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref16"><label>16</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cherepovitsyn, A., Kazanin, A., &amp; Rutenko, E. (2023). Strategic Priorities for Green Diversification of Oil and Gas Companies. Energies, 16, 4985. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16134985</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref17"><label>17</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gitelman, L. D., Kozhevnikov, M. V., &amp; Ditenberg, M. K. (2024). Electrification as a factor in replacing hydrocarbon fuel. Energy, 307, 132800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.132800</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref18"><label>18</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gitelman, L., Kozhevnikov, M., &amp; Visotskaya, Y. (2023). Diversification as a Method of Ensuring the Sustainability of Energy Supply within the Energy Transition. Resources, 12, 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources12020019</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref19"><label>19</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamwi, M., &amp; Hamwi, I. (2017). A review of business models towards service-oriented electricity systems. Procedia CIRP, 64, 109–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2017.03.032</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref20"><label>20</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalantzis, F., &amp; Niczyporuk, H. (2022). Labour productivity improvements from energy efficiency investments: The experience of European firms. Energy, 252, 123878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.123878</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref21"><label>21</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lampis, A., Martín, M. M. M., Zabaloy, M. F., Soares, R. S., Guzowski, C., Mandai, S. S., Lazaro, L. L. B., Hermsdorff, S.M.G.L., &amp; Bermann, C. (2022). Energy transition or energy diversification? Critical thoughts from Argentina and Brazil. Energy Policy, 171, 113246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113246</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref22"><label>22</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muniz, R. N., da Costa Júnior, C. T., Buratto, W. G., Nied, A., &amp; González, G. V. (2023). The Sustainability Concept: A Review Focusing on Energy. Sustainability, 15, 14049. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914049</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref23"><label>23</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pau, M., Mirz, M., Dinkelbach, J., McKeever, P., Ponci, F., &amp; Monti, M. (2022). A Service Oriented Architecture for the Digitalization and Automation of Distribution Grids. IEEE Access, 10, 37050–37063. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3164393</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref24"><label>24</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schaffer, M., Bollhöfer, F. C., &amp; Üpping, J. (2022). Load shifting potential of electric vehicles using management systems for increasing renewable energy share in smart grids. International Journal of Energy Production and Management, 7 (2), 101–113. https://doi.org/10.2495/EQ-V7-N2-101-113</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref25"><label>25</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh, M., Jiao, J., Klobasa, M., Frietsch, R. (2022). Servitization of Energy Sector: Emerging Service Business Models and Startup’s Participation. Energies, 15, 2705. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072705</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref26"><label>26</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spittler, N., Gladkykh, G., Diemer, A., Davidsdottir, B. (2019). Understanding the Current Energy Paradigm and Energy System Models for More Sustainable Energy System Development. Energies, 12, 1584. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081584</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref27"><label>27</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Swiatowiec-Szczepanska, J., &amp; Stepien, B. (2022). Drivers of Digitalization in the Energy Sector — The Managerial Perspective from the Catching Up Economy. Energies, 15, 1437. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041437</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref28"><label>28</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taylor, R., Bodel, W., Stamford, L. &amp; Butler, G. (2022a). A Review of Environmental and Economic Implications of Closing the Nuclear Fuel Cycle — Part One: Wastes and Environmental Impacts. Energies, 15 (4), 1433. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041433</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref29"><label>29</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taylor, R., Bodel, W. &amp; Butler, G. (2022b). A Review of Environmental and Economic Implications of Closing the Nuclear Fuel Cycle — Part Two: Economic Impacts. Energies, 15 (7), 2472. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072472</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref30"><label>30</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thanh, T. T., Ha, L. T., Dung, H. P., &amp; Huong, T. T. L. (2022). Impacts of digitalization on energy security: evidence from European countries. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02545-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref31"><label>31</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Westerman, W., De Ridder, A., &amp; Achtereekte, M. (2020). Firm performance and diversification in the energy sector. Managerial Finance, 46 (11), 1373–1390. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-11-2019–0589</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref32"><label>32</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang, L., Fu, S., Tian, J., Peng, J. (2022). A Review of Energy Industry Chain and Energy Supply Chain. Energies, 15, 9246. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15239246</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>