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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><issn publication-format="print">2072-6414</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17059/ekon.reg.2025-1-9</article-id><title-group xml:lang="en"><article-title>The Relationship between the Dynamics of Total Factor Productivity  and the Age Structure in Russian Regions</article-title></title-group><title-group xml:lang="ru"><article-title>Связь динамики общей факторной производительности с возрастной структурой населения регионов России</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3350-6433</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyakov</surname><given-names>Anton O. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляков</surname><given-names>Антон Олегович </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>beliakov.ao@misis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6478-8034</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbatskii </surname><given-names>Aleksei N. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбацкий </surname><given-names>Алексей Николаевич </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>akurbatskiy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4852-8629</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Priimak </surname><given-names>Irina I. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Приймак</surname><given-names>Ирина Игоревна </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>priymak-irina032000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bank of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральный банк Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">МГУ им. М. В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National University of Science and Technology MISIS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский технологический университет "МИСиС"</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-17" publication-format="electronic"/><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>116</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-03"/><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-10-08"/></history><permissions xml:lang="en"><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2025 Anton O. Belyakov, Aleksei N. Kurbatskii, Irina I. Priimak</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Anton O. Belyakov, Aleksei N. Kurbatskii, Irina I. Priimak</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read/><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><permissions xml:lang="ru"><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2025 Антон Олегович Беляков, Алексей Николаевич Курбацкий, Ирина Игоревна Приймак</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Антон Олегович Беляков, Алексей Николаевич Курбацкий, Ирина Игоревна Приймак</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read/><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="html" mimetype="text/html" xlink:title="article webpage" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/845">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/845</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" mimetype="application/pdf" xlink:title="article pdf" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/845/406">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/845/406</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In modern society, population aging has become one of the most pressing demographic challenges. Increasing life expectancy and low fertility rates are reshaping age pyramids across many countries. This article examines how factors describing the age structure of the population influence the growth rate of total factor productivity (TFP). The study tests the hypothesis that population aging has a positive relationship with TFP growth. To calculate TFP growth, the study employs an approach based on the dual method of estimating the Solow residual, which accounts for potential distortions in the regional distribution of capital in Russia. Due to data availability, the analysis considers statistical data for Russian regions up to 2021. The calculated Solow residuals vary significantly across regions. For example, in Moscow, the Solow residual is 0.06 % (just 2.5 % of GRP growth), whereas Russia’s average annual GRP growth rate is 0.75 % (17.6 % of the average annual growth rate of real GRP per capita). The study examines several indicators of age structure, including the dependency ratio, median age, mean age, and the ratio of mean to median age. Moran’s index calculations confirm the expected significance of spatial correlation. Spatial econometric models, specifically the spatial lag model (SLM), reveal that age structure factors significantly influence TFP growth. The results show that both median and mean age positively impact TFP growth. The estimated effects of changes in age structure on TFP can be used to forecast regional economic development while considering demographic trends.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В современном обществе старение населения становится одной из наиболее значимых демографических проблем. Большая продолжительность жизни и низкая рождаемость приводят к изменению возрастных пирамид во многих странах мира. Цель данной работы — исследовать влияние факторов, описывающих возрастную структуру населения, на темпы прироста общей факторной производительности. Предполагается проверка следующей гипотезы: подтверждение наличия положительной связи между темпами прироста общей факторной производительности (ОФП) и старением населения. Для расчета темпов прироста ОФП предложен метод, основанный на двойственном методе расчета остатка Солоу, который позволил учесть возможные искажения в распределении капитала по регионам России. Ввиду доступности данных по ВРП рассматриваются статистические данные по регионам России по 2021 г. Полученные остатки Солоу сильно разнятся по регионам. Например, для Москвы этот показатель равен 0,06 % (всего 2,5 % роста ВРП), в то время как для России среднегодовой темп прироста ОФП составляет 0,75 % (17,6 % среднегодового темпа прироста реального ВРП на душу населения). В качестве характеристик возрастной структуры рассматривались коэффициент демографической нагрузки, медианный возраст, средний возраст, коэффициент отношения среднего возраста к медианному возрасту. На основе расчетов индексов Морана ожидаемо подтвердилась значимость пространственной корреляции. Рассмотренные пространственно-эконометрические модели (модель с пространственным лагом (SLM)) показали значимое влияние возрастной структуры на темпы прироста общей факторной производительности, в частности, обнаружено, что регрессоры медианный возраст и средний возраст положительно влияют на темпы прироста общей факторной производительности. Оцененное влияние на общую факторную производительность изменений в возрастной структуре может быть применено для предсказания экономического развития регионов с учетом демографических прогнозов.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Solow residual method</kwd><kwd>dual measure of the Solow residual</kwd><kwd>total factor productivity</kwd><kwd>age structure of the population</kwd><kwd>spatial correlation</kwd><kwd>models of spatial econometrics</kwd><kwd>regions of Russia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метод остатка Солоу</kwd><kwd>двойственный метод остатка Солоу</kwd><kwd>общая факторная производительность</kwd><kwd>возрастная структура населения</kwd><kwd>пространственная корреляция</kwd><kwd>модели пространственной эконометрики</kwd><kwd>регионы России</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body/><back><ack xml:lang="en"><p>The study was supported under project 23-SH05-16 of Moscow State University’s Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational Schools.</p></ack><ack xml:lang="ru"><p>статья поддержана проектом 23-Ш05-16 в рамках Междисциплинарных научно-образовательных школ Московского университета.</p></ack><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артамонов, Н. 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