<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><issn publication-format="print">2072-6414</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-4-21</article-id><title-group xml:lang="en"><article-title>Impact Assessment of the Ban on Turkish Imports  on the Growth of Wearing Apparel Manufacturing in Armenia</article-title></title-group><title-group xml:lang="ru"><article-title>Оценка влияния запрета турецкого импорта  на рост производства одежды в Армении</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4609-448X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dokholyan </surname><given-names>Sergey V.  </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дохолян</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>sergsvd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0505-7869</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makaryan </surname><given-names>Anna R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарян </surname><given-names>Анна Рузвельтовна </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>anna_makaryan@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population — Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт социально-экономических проблем народонаселения имени Н. М. Римашевской — обособленное подразделение ФГБУН Федерального научно-исследовательского социологического центра Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Economics after M. Kotanyan of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экономики им. М. Котаняна, Национальная академия наук Республики Армении</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-19" publication-format="electronic"/><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>1237</fpage><lpage>1250</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-01-31"/><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-09-19"/></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright © 2023 Sergey V. Dokholyan, Anna R. Makaryan</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright © 2023 Сергей Владимирович Дохолян, Анна Рузвельтовна Макарян</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sergey V. Dokholyan, Anna R. Makaryan</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сергей Владимирович Дохолян, Анна Рузвельтовна Макарян</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read/><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="html" mimetype="text/html" xlink:title="article webpage" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/770">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/770</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" mimetype="application/pdf" xlink:title="article pdf" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/770/264">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/770/264</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Armenia imposed a temporary ban on imports of Turkish apparel in 2021, and lifted it on January 1, 2022. The government gave manufacturers a chance to capture that market share. In this article, the role of domestic and foreign sales of various groups of firms in explaining real changes in industry output for various periods in the short run was estimated based on industry-level monthly data for June 2011-September 2021 and using the least squares estimation method. The study identified the priorities of various groups of manufacturers and revealed that industry domestic and foreign sales (mainly exports to Russia) are complements. It was determined that large firms engaged in cut-make-trim (CMT) manufacturing were not and would not be interested in capturing that market share, while large own-brand manufacturers are and will be interested in doing so; however, exports to Russia could be preferred to domestic sales. Micro and small-sized firms managed to capture the market segment of items included in Category 6114 of Harmonised System (HS) codes. However, the firms will meet tougher competition in the future than in 2020, with importers re-switching to Turkish suppliers and Russia emerging as a key player. Hence, the exports will drive the industry growth, regardless of a possible decline in domestic sales. The research results can be used by the Ministry of Economy of Armenia, and the Eurasian Economic Commission in creating various industry development strategies, and implementing import substitution strategies for member-states of the Eurasian Economic Union. Further research on firm-level upgrading strategies will be required to reinforce the obtained results.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Армения ввела временный запрет на импорт турецкой одежды, который отменила с 1 января 2022 г. Правительство предоставило армянским производителям возможность освоить эту часть рынка. На основе использования реальных статистических данных помесячной динамики в отрасли за период с июня 2011 г. по сентябрь 2021 г. произведена оценка объемов внутренних и зарубежных продаж различных групп фирм с целью определения изменений с использованием метода оценки наименьших квадратов. Выявлены приоритеты различных групп производителей и установлено, что внутренние и зарубежные продажи (в основном экспорт в Россию) в данной отрасли дополняют друг друга. Определено, что крупные фирмы, занимающиеся производством продукции по технологической цепочке «cut-make-trim» (CMT), не были и не будут заинтересованы в освоении этой доли рынка, в то время как крупные производители собственных торговых марок рассматривают такую возможность. Установлено, что экспорт продукции в Россию может быть более предпочтителен, чем продажи на внутреннем рынке. Малые и микропредприятия сумели освоить рыночный сегмент товаров, включенных в категорию 6114 кодов Товарной номенклатуры внешнеэкономической деятельности (ТН ВЭД). Однако в будущем фирмам придется столкнуться с более жесткой конкуренцией, чем в 2020 г., поскольку часть импортеров вернется к турецким поставщикам, а Россия станет ключевым игроком. Следовательно, экспорт будет стимулировать рост объемов производства, несмотря на возможное снижение продаж на внутреннем рынке. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы Министерством экономики Армении, Евразийской экономической комиссией при разработке различных стратегий развития отрасли и реализации стратегий импортозамещения для стран — участников Евразийского экономического союза. Для подтверждения полученных результатов в дальнейшем потребуется проведение исследований стратегий модернизации на уровне отдельных фирм.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wearing apparel manufacturing, Armenia, outsourcing, import, export, Turkey, complements, substitutes</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>производство одежды, Армения, аутсорсинг, импорт, экспорт, Турция, взаимодополняющие товары, взаимозаменяемые товары</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="en-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ayvazyan, K., &amp; Dabán T. (2015) Spillovers from Global and Regional Shocks to Armenia. IMF Working Papers 15/241, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. Retrieved from: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2015/wp15241.pdf (Date of access: 18.06.2022)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bobeica, E., Esteves, P. S., Rua, A., &amp; Staehr, K. (2015). Exports and domestic demand pressure: a dynamic panel data model for the euro area countries. Review of World Economics, 152 (1), 107–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-015-0234-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref3"><label>3</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belke, A., Oeking, A., &amp; Setzer, R. (2015). Domestic demand, capacity constraints and exporting dynamics: Empirical evidence for vulnerable euro area countries. Economic Modelling, 48, 315–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2014.10.035 </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref4"><label>4</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berman, N., Berthou, A., &amp; Héricourt, J. (2015). Export dynamics and sales at home. Journal of International Economics, 96 (2), 298–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2015.04.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref5"><label>5</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bugamelli, M., Gaiotti, E., &amp; Viviano, E. (2015). Domestic and foreign sales: Complements or substitutes? Economics Letters, 135, 46–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2015.07.024</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref6"><label>6</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crespo, A., &amp; Muñoz-Sepulveda, J. A. (2015). The role of physical and financial constraints in export dynamics. Economics Working Papers MWP2015/17. Badia Fiesolana, Italy: European University Institute. Retrieved from: http://hdl.handle.net/1814/37215 (Date of access: 18.06.2022).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref7"><label>7</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dabla-Norris, E., Espinoza, R. A., &amp; Jahan, S. (2012). Spillovers to Low-Income Countries: Importance of Systemic Emerging Markets. IMF Working Papers 12/49, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. Retrieved from: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2016/12/31/Spillovers-to-Low-Income-Countries-Importance-of-Systemic-Emerging-Markets-25729 (Date of access: 18.06.2022).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref8"><label>8</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elkrghli, S., &amp; Mohamed, S. (2016). Customers’ Attitudes towards Turkish and Chinese Female Clothes. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 221–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30117-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref9"><label>9</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esteves, P. S., &amp; Prades, E. (2016). On domestic demand and export performance in the euro area countries: does export concentration matter? European Central Bank Working Paper Series No 1909, Frankfurt am Main, Germany: European Central Bank. Retrieved from: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/scpwps/ecbwp1909.en.pdf (Date of access: 18.06.2022)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref10"><label>10</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esteves, P. S., &amp; Rua, A. (2015). Is there a role for domestic demand pressure on export performance? Empirical Economics, 49 (4), 1173–1189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-014-0908-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref11"><label>11</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erbahar, A. (2020). Two worlds apart? Export demand shocks and domestic sales. Review of World Economics, 156, 313–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-019-00364-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref12"><label>12</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greta, M., Lewandowski, K., &amp; Mamikonyan, G. (2017). Textile and apparel industry in Armenia: The former potential and the perspectives for future development of the industry. Fibres &amp; Textiles in Eastern Europe, 2 (122), 10-15. https://doi.org/10.5604/12303666.1232873</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref13"><label>13</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gül, S. (2021). Domestic demand and exports: Evidence from Turkish firms. Central Bank Review, 21 (3), 105–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.07.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref14"><label>14</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karami, M., Mostafa S., &amp; Omid O., (2013). How Consumers Perceive the Products Made in China: A Case Study of Iran’s Apparel Market. International Journal of China Marketing, 3 (2), 118–135. </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref15"><label>15</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karoui, S., &amp; Khemakhem, R. (2019). Consumer ethnocentrism in developing countries. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 25 (2), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2019.042</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref16"><label>16</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makaryan, A. (2017). Scenarios of Growth of the Wearing Apparel in Armenia. Regionalnye Problemy Preobrazovaniya Ekonomiki [Regional problems of transforming the economy], 1 (75), 100-108. https://doi.org/10.26726/2305-4484-2017-1-100-108</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref17"><label>17</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McQuoid, A., &amp; Rubini, L. (2014). The Opportunity Cost of Exporting. 2014 Meeting Papers 412. San Diego, CA: Society for Economic Dynamics. Retrieved from: https://economicdynamics.org/meetpapers/2014/paper_412.pdf (Date of access: 18.06.2022)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref18"><label>18</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sala-i-Martin, X., Bilbao-Osorio, B., Blanke, J., Drzeniek Hanouz, M., Geiger, Th., &amp; Ko, C. (2013). The Global Competitiveness Index 2013–2014: Sustaining Growth, Building Resilience. In: K. Schwab (Ed.), The Global Competitiveness Report 2013–2014: Full Data Edition (pp. 3-51). Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic Forum. </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref19"><label>19</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shankarmahesh, M. N. (2006). Consumer ethnocentrism: an integrative review of its antecedents and consequences. International Marketing Review, 23 (2), 146–172. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330610660065</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref20"><label>20</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shimp, T. A., &amp; Sharma, S. (1987). Consumer Ethnocentrism: Construction and Validation of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, 24 (3), 280–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378702400304 </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref21"><label>21</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stępień, B., &amp; Młody, M. (2017). Reshoring: A Stage in Economic Development or a False Patriotic Tune? The Case of the Polish Apparel and Footwear Industry. In: A. Vecchi (Ed.), Reshoring of Manufacturing. Measuring Operations Performance (pp. 203–236). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58883-4_10</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref22"><label>22</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tokatli, N., &amp; Kzlgün, Ö. (2009). Upgrading in the Global Clothing Industry: Mavi Jeans and the Transformation of a Turkish Firm from Full-Package to Brand-Name Manufacturing and Retailing. Economic Geography, 80 (3), 221–240. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.2004.tb00233.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref23"><label>23</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsai, W. S., Yoo, J. J., &amp; Lee, W.-N. (2013). For Love of Country? Consumer Ethnocentrism in China, South Korea, and the United States. Journal of Global Marketing, 26 (2), 98–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.2013.805860 </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref24"><label>24</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Whitfield, L., &amp; Staritz, C. (2021). The Learning Trap in Late Industrialisation: Local Firms and Capability Building in Ethiopia’s Apparel Export Industry. The Journal of Development Studies, 57 (6), 980-1000. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2020.1841169</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref25"><label>25</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu, S., &amp; Pickles, J. (2015). Turkishization of a Chinese apparel firm: fast fashion, regionalisation and the shift from global supplier to new end markets. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8 (3), 537–553. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsv009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ayvazyan, K., &amp; Dabán T. (2015) Spillovers from Global and Regional Shocks to Armenia. IMF Working Papers 15/241, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. Retrieved from: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2015/wp15241.pdf (Date of access: 18.06.2022)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bobeica, E., Esteves, P. S., Rua, A., &amp; Staehr, K. (2015). Exports and domestic demand pressure: a dynamic panel data model for the euro area countries. Review of World Economics, 152 (1), 107–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-015-0234-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref3"><label>3</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belke, A., Oeking, A., &amp; Setzer, R. (2015). Domestic demand, capacity constraints and exporting dynamics: Empirical evidence for vulnerable euro area countries. Economic Modelling, 48, 315–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2014.10.035 </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref4"><label>4</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berman, N., Berthou, A., &amp; Héricourt, J. (2015). Export dynamics and sales at home. Journal of International Economics, 96 (2), 298–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2015.04.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref5"><label>5</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bugamelli, M., Gaiotti, E., &amp; Viviano, E. (2015). Domestic and foreign sales: Complements or substitutes? Economics Letters, 135, 46–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2015.07.024</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref6"><label>6</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crespo, A., &amp; Muñoz-Sepulveda, J. A. (2015). The role of physical and financial constraints in export dynamics. Economics Working Papers MWP2015/17. Badia Fiesolana, Italy: European University Institute. Retrieved from: http://hdl.handle.net/1814/37215 (Date of access: 18.06.2022).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref7"><label>7</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dabla-Norris, E., Espinoza, R. A., &amp; Jahan, S. (2012). Spillovers to Low-Income Countries: Importance of Systemic Emerging Markets. IMF Working Papers 12/49, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. Retrieved from: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2016/12/31/Spillovers-to-Low-Income-Countries-Importance-of-Systemic-Emerging-Markets-25729 (Date of access: 18.06.2022).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref8"><label>8</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elkrghli, S., &amp; Mohamed, S. (2016). Customers’ Attitudes towards Turkish and Chinese Female Clothes. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 221–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30117-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref9"><label>9</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esteves, P. S., &amp; Prades, E. (2016). On domestic demand and export performance in the euro area countries: does export concentration matter? European Central Bank Working Paper Series No 1909, Frankfurt am Main, Germany: European Central Bank. Retrieved from: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/scpwps/ecbwp1909.en.pdf (Date of access: 18.06.2022)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref10"><label>10</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esteves, P. S., &amp; Rua, A. (2015). Is there a role for domestic demand pressure on export performance? Empirical Economics, 49 (4), 1173–1189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-014-0908-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref11"><label>11</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erbahar, A. (2020). Two worlds apart? Export demand shocks and domestic sales. Review of World Economics, 156, 313–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-019-00364-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref12"><label>12</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greta, M., Lewandowski, K., &amp; Mamikonyan, G. (2017). Textile and apparel industry in Armenia: The former potential and the perspectives for future development of the industry. Fibres &amp; Textiles in Eastern Europe, 2 (122), 10-15. https://doi.org/10.5604/12303666.1232873</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref13"><label>13</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gül, S. (2021). Domestic demand and exports: Evidence from Turkish firms. Central Bank Review, 21 (3), 105–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbrev.2021.07.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref14"><label>14</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karami, M., Mostafa S., &amp; Omid O., (2013). How Consumers Perceive the Products Made in China: A Case Study of Iran’s Apparel Market. International Journal of China Marketing, 3 (2), 118–135. </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref15"><label>15</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karoui, S., &amp; Khemakhem, R. (2019). Consumer ethnocentrism in developing countries. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 25 (2), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2019.042</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref16"><label>16</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makaryan, A. (2017). Scenarios of Growth of the Wearing Apparel in Armenia. Regionalnye Problemy Preobrazovaniya Ekonomiki [Regional problems of transforming the economy], 1 (75), 100-108. https://doi.org/10.26726/2305-4484-2017-1-100-108</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref17"><label>17</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McQuoid, A., &amp; Rubini, L. (2014). The Opportunity Cost of Exporting. 2014 Meeting Papers 412. San Diego, CA: Society for Economic Dynamics. Retrieved from: https://economicdynamics.org/meetpapers/2014/paper_412.pdf (Date of access: 18.06.2022)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref18"><label>18</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sala-i-Martin, X., Bilbao-Osorio, B., Blanke, J., Drzeniek Hanouz, M., Geiger, Th., &amp; Ko, C. (2013). The Global Competitiveness Index 2013–2014: Sustaining Growth, Building Resilience. In: K. Schwab (Ed.), The Global Competitiveness Report 2013–2014: Full Data Edition (pp. 3-51). Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic Forum. </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref19"><label>19</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shankarmahesh, M. N. (2006). Consumer ethnocentrism: an integrative review of its antecedents and consequences. International Marketing Review, 23 (2), 146–172. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330610660065</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref20"><label>20</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shimp, T. A., &amp; Sharma, S. (1987). Consumer Ethnocentrism: Construction and Validation of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, 24 (3), 280–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378702400304 </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref21"><label>21</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stępień, B., &amp; Młody, M. (2017). Reshoring: A Stage in Economic Development or a False Patriotic Tune? The Case of the Polish Apparel and Footwear Industry. In: A. Vecchi (Ed.), Reshoring of Manufacturing. Measuring Operations Performance (pp. 203–236). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58883-4_10</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref22"><label>22</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tokatli, N., &amp; Kzlgün, Ö. (2009). Upgrading in the Global Clothing Industry: Mavi Jeans and the Transformation of a Turkish Firm from Full-Package to Brand-Name Manufacturing and Retailing. Economic Geography, 80 (3), 221–240. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.2004.tb00233.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref23"><label>23</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsai, W. S., Yoo, J. J., &amp; Lee, W.-N. (2013). For Love of Country? Consumer Ethnocentrism in China, South Korea, and the United States. Journal of Global Marketing, 26 (2), 98–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.2013.805860 </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref24"><label>24</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Whitfield, L., &amp; Staritz, C. (2021). The Learning Trap in Late Industrialisation: Local Firms and Capability Building in Ethiopia’s Apparel Export Industry. The Journal of Development Studies, 57 (6), 980-1000. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2020.1841169</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref25"><label>25</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu, S., &amp; Pickles, J. (2015). Turkishization of a Chinese apparel firm: fast fashion, regionalisation and the shift from global supplier to new end markets. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8 (3), 537–553. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsv009</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>