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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><issn publication-format="print">2072-6414</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-3</article-id><title-group xml:lang="en"><article-title>Differentiation of Small Towns by Knowledge Localisation Factors</article-title></title-group><title-group xml:lang="ru"><article-title>ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЯ МАЛЫХ ГОРОДОВ ПО ФАКТОРАМ ЛОКАЛИЗАЦИИ ЗНАНИЙ</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2639-498X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikova </surname><given-names>Tatyana B. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельникова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Борисовна </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>tmln82@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sevastopol Institute (Branch) of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Севастопольский филиал Российского экономического университета имени Г. В. Плеханова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-29" publication-format="electronic"/><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>329</fpage><lpage>342</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-12-31"/><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-24"/></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright © 2023 Tatyana B. Melnikova</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright © 2023 Татьяна Борисовна Мельникова</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tatyana B. Melnikova</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Татьяна Борисовна Мельникова</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read/><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="html" mimetype="text/html" xlink:title="article webpage" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/603">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/603</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" mimetype="application/pdf" xlink:title="article pdf" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/603/196">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/603/196</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The ambiguity of the causal relationship between knowledge creation and regional growth does not indicate its insignificance, as proven by numerous empirical studies. However, such works rarely examine small towns, characterised by uncertainty of knowledge sources. The article aims to identify and compare groups of similar small towns in the Central, Ural and Southern Federal Districts by using a set of knowledge localisation factors. A two-stage clustering was performed by the k-means method according to the following criteria: interactions between actors, specific knowledge stock and financial resources for commercialisation. The resulting cluster centres were divided into quartiles according to the grading system (good, satisfactory or poor). First, the study revealed 10 clusters in the Central Federal District, 7 clusters in the Ural Federal District and 5 clusters in the Southern Federal District. In 35 % of the towns of the Southern Federal District, 35 % of the Central Federal District and 38 % of the Ural Federal District, the estimated specific knowledge stock exceeded the availability of financial resources. Second, towns were differentiated by population and divided into two groups depending on the agglomeration impact of larger cities. Clusters were formed within each group and federal district. 50 % of Ural towns with a population of 10,000 to 20,000 people unaffected by the agglomeration, as well as 62 % of towns with more than 20,000 people have the advantage of specific knowledge stock over financial resources. These values are 18 % and 8 %, respectively, for the Central Federal District, 36 % and 30 % for the Southern Federal District. The findings can help extend the analytical framework for making decisions on the small towns development. Future research may focus on establishing measures to improve the characteristics of clusters.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Несмотря на отсутствие однозначности в причинно-следственной связи между созданием знания и региональным ростом, его роль значительна, что доказывается целым рядом эмпирических исследований. Малые города слабо представлены в таких работах. Кроме того, для них характерна низкая определенность в части источников знаний. В статье ставится цель выявить и сравнить группы схожих малых городов на основе набора факторов локализации знаний. На основе малых городов Центрального, Уральского и Южного федерального округов автором проведена двухэтапная кластеризация методом k-средних по следующим признакам: взаимодействие между акторами, запас специальных знаний и финансовые ресурсы для коммерциализации. Полученные центры кластеров были интерпретированы через оценки «хорошо», «удовлетворительно», «плохо» на основе разделения на квартили. На первом этапе сформированы 10 кластеров по ЦФО, 7 кластеров по УрФО и 5 кластеров по ЮФО. Научный интерес представляют результаты сочетания характеристик факторов. В 35 % городов ЮФО, 35 % ЦФО и 38 % городов УрФО оцененный уровень запаса специальных знаний превысил имеющуюся в этих городах доступность финансовых ресурсов. На втором этапе города разделены на две группы исходя из зоны агломерационного влияния более крупных городов, и построение кластеров происходило в рамках каждой группы и федерального округа. Города также были дифференцированы по численности населения. 50 % городов без агломерационного влияния с численностью от 10 до 20 тыс. чел. и 62 % городов с численностью свыше 20 тыс. чел. УрФО обладают преимуществом запаса специальных знаний перед финансовыми ресурсами. Для ЦФО данные значения составляют соответственно 18 %, 8 %, для ЮФО — 36 %, 30 %. Полученные результаты позволяют расширить аналитическую базу принятия решений по развитию малых городов. Будущие исследования могут быть сосредоточены на проработке мер по усовершенствованию характеристик кластеров.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>knowledge localisation</kwd><kwd>knowledge spillovers</kwd><kwd>small town</kwd><kwd>patent</kwd><kwd>infrastructure</kwd><kwd>knowledge exchange</kwd><kwd>agglomeration</kwd><kwd>specific knowledge</kwd><kwd>public knowledge</kwd><kwd>commercialisation</kwd><kwd>absorptive capacity</kwd><kwd>cluster analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>локализация знаний</kwd><kwd>вторичные эффекты знаний</kwd><kwd>малый город</kwd><kwd>патент</kwd><kwd>инфраструктура</kwd><kwd>обмен знаниями</kwd><kwd>агломерация</kwd><kwd>специальные знания</kwd><kwd>общедоступные знания</kwd><kwd>коммерциализация</kwd><kwd>поглощающая способность</kwd><kwd>кластерный анализ</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body/><back><ack xml:lang="en"><p>The article has been prepared with the support of the Academician Nikolai Fedorenko International Scientific Foundation of Economic Research, the project No. 2021-133. The author would like to express gratitude for valuable comments in the framework of the section « Peculiarities of localization of human capital» of the VI International Regional Economics Conference (REC-2021).</p></ack><ack xml:lang="ru"><p>Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Международного научного фонда экономических исследований академика Н. П. Федоренко. Проект № 2021-133. Автор также выражает благодарность за ценные комментарии в рамках работы секции «Особенности локализации человеческого капитала» VI Международного симпозиума по региональной экономике.</p></ack><ref-list><ref id="en-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andersson, M. &amp; Larsson J. (2021). Mysteries of the trade? Skill-specific local agglomeration economies.  Regional Studies, 56(9),  1538-1553. DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2021.1954611</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonelli, C. &amp; Link, A. (2015).  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