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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><issn publication-format="print">2072-6414</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17059/ekon.reg.2024-1-3</article-id><title-group xml:lang="en"><article-title>Import Intensity of the Russian Economy</article-title></title-group><title-group xml:lang="ru"><article-title>Импортоемкость регионов российской экономики</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7988-6636</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dushenin</surname><given-names>Aleksandr I. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Душенин </surname><given-names>Александр Игорьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>a.dushenin@g.nsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-3727</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ershov</surname><given-names>Yuri S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ершов</surname><given-names>Юрий Семенович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>eryus@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8540-5039</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ibragimov</surname><given-names>Naimdzhon M. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ибрагимов</surname><given-names>Наимджон Мулабоевич </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>naimdjon.ibragomov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экономики и организации промышленного производства СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State Technical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский государственный технический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-28" publication-format="electronic"/><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-04-24"/><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-21"/></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright © 2024 Aleksandr I. Dushenin, Yuri S. Ershov, Naimdzhon M. Ibragimov</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright © 2024 Александр Игорьевич Душенин, Юрий Семенович Ершов, Наимджон Мулабоевич Ибрагимов</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aleksandr I. Dushenin, Yuri S. Ershov, Naimdzhon M. Ibragimov</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Александр Игорьевич Душенин, Юрий Семенович Ершов, Наимджон Мулабоевич Ибрагимов</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read/><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="html" mimetype="text/html" xlink:title="article webpage" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/435">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/435</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" mimetype="application/pdf" xlink:title="article pdf" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/435/272">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/435/272</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the pre-sanction period, foreign economic relations in Russia were growing in importance. While the country’s gross domestic product increased by 1.75 times in 2013 compared to 2000, imports increased by 5.7 times in comparable prices during this period. Despite actual and potential effects of comparative advantages, the growing dependence on foreign markets also had negative consequences. The study assesses the demand for imported goods, considering the existing interindustry relations in the Russian economy. The paper describes the first stage of comparison of direct and total costs for the Russian economy and presents mathematical tools used to calculate indicators of its import dependence. In the future, we are planning to extend this approach to examine the spatial economy of two macrozones, namely, the European and Asian parts of Russia. Statistics show that the direct import intensity of the Russian economy is approximately 6 %, which is less than the global average. The vertical specialisation index of about 11 % indicates a relatively low dependence of the export of domestic goods on imports. In 2014–2020, total import costs reduced the most in the pulp and paper industry (-5 %) and vehicle manufacturing industry (-3 %) mainly due to a decline in their import intensity. In general, the impact of forced import substitution turned out to be negative for most regions after 2013. The proposed methods can be used to forecast the trade balance and consequences of implementing various import substitution policies. Since that intermediate consumption flows are included in indirect and total costs, it is advisable to develop a methodology accounting for investment goods.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Роль внешнеэкономических связей для экономики России в досанкционный период имела очевидную тенденцию к усилению — при увеличении ВВП страны к 2013 г. по сравнению с 2000 г. в 1,75 раза рост импорта за этот же период составил в сопоставимых ценах 5,7 раза. При всех фактических и потенциальных эффектах использования сравнительных преимуществ усиление зависимости от внешних рынков имело и негативные последствия. Целью выполненного исследования была оценка зависимости спроса на импортные товары с учетом сложившейся структуры межотраслевых связей в российской экономике. В работе изложены результаты первого этапа сравнения прямых и полных затрат в целом для российской экономики, дано описание математического инструментария, использовавшегося для расчета показателей импортозависимости российской экономики. В перспективе этот подход будет распространен на пространственную экономику в разрезе двух мак­розон — европейской и азиатской частей страны. Статистические данные показывают, что прямая импортоемкость российской экономики примерно равна 6 %, что меньше, чем в среднем для мировой. Значение индекса вертикальной специализации составляет около 11 %, что отражает относительно невысокую зависимость экспорта отечественных товаров от импорта. За период 2014–2020 гг. наибольшие снижения полных затрат импорта характерны для продукции целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности (-5 %) и производства транспортных средств (-3 %), обеспеченных в основном снижением прямой импортоемкости этих отраслей. В целом влияние вынужденного импортозамещения после 2013 г. оказалось негативным для большинства регионов. Используемый инструментарий может применяться в прогнозировании торгового баланса и последствий реализации различных сценариев политики импортозамещения. Ввиду учета в косвенных и полных затратах потоков продукции, относящихся только к промежуточному потреблению, представляется целесообразным в перспективе развить используемую методику в направлении учета и инвестиционных товаров.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>input-output tables, input-output models, input-output balance, import intensity, import substitution, openness of the economy, vertical specialisation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>таблицы «затраты — выпуск», межотраслевые модели, межотраслевой баланс, импортоемкость, импортозамещение, открытость экономики, вертикальная специализация</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body/><back><ack xml:lang="en"><p>The article has been prepared with the support of the Russian Science Foundation, the scientific project No. 23-18-00409.</p></ack><ack xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда в рамках научного проекта № 23-18-00409.</p></ack><ref-list><ref id="en-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aganbegyan, A. 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