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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><issn publication-format="print">2072-6414</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-3-2</article-id><title-group xml:lang="en"><article-title>Redistribution of Resources between the Private and Public Sectors  of the Spatial Economy: An Agent-Based Approach</article-title></title-group><title-group xml:lang="ru"><article-title>Перераспределение ресурсов между частным и общественным сектором пространственной экономики: агент-ориентированный подход</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9811</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suslov </surname><given-names>Viktor I. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суслов </surname><given-names>Виктор Иванович </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>suslov@ieie.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9297-3269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsyplakov </surname><given-names>Aleksandr A. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыплаков </surname><given-names>Александр Анатольевич </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>alexander.tsyplakov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8636-5219</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova </surname><given-names>Tatyana S. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Сергеевна </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>tsnovikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экономики и организации промышленного производства СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State Technical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский государственный технический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-27" publication-format="electronic"/><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>612</fpage><lpage>628</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-15"/><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-06-15"/></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright © 2023 Viktor I. Suslov, Aleksandr A. Tsyplakov, Tatyana S. Novikova</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright © 2023 Виктор Иванович Суслов, Александр Анатольевич Цыплаков, Татьяна Сергеевна  Новикова</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Viktor I. Suslov, Aleksandr A. Tsyplakov, Tatyana S. Novikova</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Виктор Иванович Суслов, Александр Анатольевич Цыплаков, Татьяна Сергеевна  Новикова</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read/><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="html" mimetype="text/html" xlink:title="article webpage" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/362">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/362</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" mimetype="application/pdf" xlink:title="article pdf" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/362/224">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/362/224</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Redistribution of resources between the private and public sectors is a key issue of state policy analysis, including at the regional level. The article examines how changes in tax rates and social transfers affect the redistribution of financial resources, fixed capital and labour. The study utilised a spatial agent-based model focused on microeconomic decisions of households and enterprises. Fixed capital depends on investment policies of private and public companies; demand and supply are balanced in the labour market for a given total labour force. Tax rates and distribution of social transfers are seen as the institutional framework for making microeconomic decisions. At the meso- and macro-levels, state policy changes affect the economic structure of regions, industries, public and private sectors. The use of capital, labour and financial resources was assessed to calculate the relative size of the public sector. Simulations of changes in transfers and taxes show opposite trends in the proportion of the sectors. At given tax rates, the expansion of social transfers reduces social inequality and causes profound structural changes in the economy due to decreased provision of public goods and increased income of recipient households. The size of the public sector in terms of the use of financial resources remains practically unchanged: its share in gross domestic product decreased from 32.2 % to 30.4 %. However, the shares of capital (by 9.9 %) and labour (by 14.7 %) noticeably declined in this sector, indicating a redistribution of capital and labour from the public to the private sector. On the contrary, tax hike leads to an increase in the main indicators characterising the share of the public sector, while most of the private sector indicators fall sharply and social inequality rises significantly.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>При анализе государственной политики одним из ключевых является вопрос перераспределения ресурсов между частным и общественным сектором, в том числе в региональном разрезе. В статье исследуются последствия изменения налоговых ставок и величины социальных трансфертов с точки зрения перераспределения между этими двумя секторами финансовых ресурсов, основного капитала и труда. Исследование базируется на пространственной агент-ориентированной модели, в которой основные решения принимаются на микроэкономическом уровне домашними хозяйствами и предприятиями. Основной капитал формируется в результате инвестиционной политики частных и государственных предприятий, на рынке труда уравновешиваются спрос и предложение при заданных общих размерах трудовых ресурсов. Государство задает налоговые ставки и распределение общего объема и структуру социальных трансфертов в качестве институциональных рамок принятия микроэкономических решений. На мезо- и макроуровне изменения параметров государственной политики проявляются в изменении структуры экономики в разрезе регионов, отраслей, общественного и частного секторов. Относительные размеры общественного сектора рассчитываются по показателям использования в нем капитала и труда, а также финансовых ресурсов. В экспериментах по изменению трансфертов и налогов проявляются противоположные тенденции в соотношении частного и общественного секторов. При заданных налоговых ставках расширение социальных трансфертов приводит к существенному сокращению социального неравенства и одновременно к глубоким структурным изменениям в экономике, вызванным уменьшением объемов предоставления общественных товаров и увеличением доходов домохозяйств-реципиентов. При этом масштабы общественного сектора по показателю использования финансовых ресурсов остаются практически неизменными: удельный вес в ВВП уменьшается с 32,2 % до 30,4 %. Одновременно в этом секторе экономики заметно сокращаются удельные веса и капитала (на 9,9 %), и труда (на 14,7 %). Одновременно происходит значительное перераспределение и капитала, и труда от общественного к частному сектору. Увеличение налогового бремени, наоборот, приводит к увеличению всех основных показателей, характеризующих удельный вес общественного сектора, одновременно большинство частных показателей резко падает, и существенно возрастает социальное неравенство.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>public sector, agent-based modelling, investment behaviour, taxes, social transfers, social policy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>общественный сектор, агент-ориентированное моделирование, инвестиционное поведение, налоги, социальные трансферты, социальная политика</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body/><back><ack xml:lang="en"><p>The article has been prepared with the support of the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 23-28-01499).</p></ack><ack xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 23-28-01499).</p></ack><ref-list><ref id="en-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abramov, A., Aksenov, I., Radygin, A. &amp; Chernova, M. 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