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<article xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><issn publication-format="print">2072-6414</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17059/ekon.reg.2026-1-12</article-id><title-group xml:lang="en"><article-title>Analysis of Import Dependence and Its Relationship with Regional Economic Development in Russia: The Case of the Volga Federal District</article-title></title-group><title-group xml:lang="ru"><article-title>Анализ импортозависимости и оценка ее взаимосвязи с экономическим развитием регионов (на примере Приволжского федерального округа)</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8943-0781</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burganov </surname><given-names>Rafis T. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурганов </surname><given-names>Рафис Тимерханович </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>C.p@tatar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0763-6453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elshin </surname><given-names>Leonid A. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ельшин</surname><given-names>Леонид Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>leonid.elshin@tatar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-2603</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdrakhmanova </surname><given-names>Dilara R. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдрахманова </surname><given-names>Диляра Расимовна </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>C.p@tatar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-5588</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dinmukhametova </surname><given-names>Aliya A. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Динмухаметова </surname><given-names>Алия Айдаровна </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>Aliya.Abdukaeva@tatar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Поволжский государственный университет физической культуры, спорта и туризма</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center of Advanced Economic Research in the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр перспективных экономических исследований академии наук Республики Татарстан</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan National Research Technological University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский исследовательский технологический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-03-23"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection" iso-8601-date="2026-03-23"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>160</fpage><lpage>174</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-13"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-25"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright © 2026 Rafis T. Burganov, Leonid A. Elshin, Dilara R. Abdrakhmanova, Aliya A. Dinmukhametova</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright © 2026 Рафис Тимерханович Бурганов, Леонид Алексеевич Ельшин, Диляра Расимовна Абдрахманова, Алия Айдаровна  Динмухаметова</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rafis T. Burganov, Leonid A. Elshin, Dilara R. Abdrakhmanova, Aliya A. Dinmukhametova</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рафис Тимерханович Бурганов, Леонид Алексеевич Ельшин, Диляра Расимовна Абдрахманова, Алия Айдаровна  Динмухаметова</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read/><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="html" mimetype="text/html" xlink:title="article webpage" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1339">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1339</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" mimetype="application/pdf" xlink:title="article pdf" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1339/780">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1339/780</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the context of rising external sanctions, understanding the link between import supply disruptions and regional economic development is increasingly important. To address this task, this article proposes methods for identifying critical imports and constructing a statistical model to assess the degree of dependence between these variables. The study hypothesizes that a statistically significant relationship exists between regional critical imports and indicators of regional economic dynamics under external constraints. The research methodology is based on systematization, grouping, and panel data regression modelling with robust cluster standard errors. The empirical base includes statistical data for regions of the Volga Federal Okrug for 2011–2021. The sample comprises import volumes for 103 Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity (TN VED) codes. The findings reveal the key components that form the conceptual framework for determining critical imports: the role of imports in generating regional value added; the share of imports originating from unfriendly countries; and the classification of imports as final or intermediate goods. The relationship between critical imports and the gross regional product (GRP) of the regions under study is subsequently analysed. The estimated elasticity coefficient for the variable “Volume of critical imports” in the model, controlling for education level, investment, and consumer expenditure, is 0.0326. This relationship is moderate compared to other explanatory variables. A limitation of the study is its reliance on official statistical data, which has been inconsistently published for Russian regional imports since 2022.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В условиях усиливающихся санкционных рестрикций внешнего порядка крайне важной задачей становится исследование взаимосвязей между логистическими разрывами в поставках импорта и перспективами экономического развития. Решению этой задачи и посвящена настоящая статья, целью которой является разработка методических подходов к идентификации критического импорта и разработка на этой основе экономико-статистической модели, определяющей степень его воздействия на перспективы экономического роста. В качестве гипотезы принимается допущение о наличии коррелированности между критическим импортом регионов и параметрами их экономической динамики в условиях внешних ограничений. Основу исследования составляют методы систематизации, группировки и регрессионного моделирования панельных данных с учетом робастных кластерных стандартных ошибок. В качестве исходных данных использованы актуальные статистические материалы субъектов Приволжского федерального округа за 2011–2021 гг. В выборку вошли данные об объемах импорта по 103 товарным номенклатурам внешнеэкономической деятельности (ТН ВЭД). По результатам проведенного исследования выделены главные компоненты, определяющие содержательную среду и концептуальную основу для идентификации критического импорта (участие импорта в создании добавленной стоимости региона, доля ввозимой продукции из недружественных стран, принадлежность импорта к категории товаров конечного / промежуточного потребления), реализован анализ его взаимосвязи с ВРП исследуемой региональной группы. Установлено, что значение коэффициента эластичности в конструируемой модели при переменной «Объем критического импорта», куда наряду с данным фактором вошли и иные контрольные переменные (уровень образования, инвестиции и потребительские расходы), достигает уровня 0,0326. Выявленная статистическая связь носит умеренный характер на фоне других анализируемых параметров, вошедших в построенную модель. Ограничением исследования является зависимость от статистических данных, лоскутность опубликования которых фиксируется с 2022 г. в разрезе субъектов РФ по экспортно-импортным операциям.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sanctions pressure</kwd><kwd>critical imports</kwd><kwd>international supply chains</kwd><kwd>transformation of foreign markets</kwd><kwd>transnational logistical gaps</kwd><kwd>import vulnerability of regions</kwd><kwd>panel data analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>санкционное давление</kwd><kwd>критический импорт</kwd><kwd>международные цепи поставок (МЦП)</kwd><kwd>трансформация внешних рынков</kwd><kwd>транснациональные логистические разрывы</kwd><kwd>импортоуязвимость регионов</kwd><kwd>анализ панельных данных</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body/><back><ack xml:lang="en"><p>The study was funded by a subsidy allocated to Kazan Federal University to support the implementation of a state-funded research project (No. FZSM–2023–0017), “The Economics of Regional Import Substitution amid Logistics Chain Transformation and Deglobalization.”</p></ack><ack xml:lang="ru"><p>Работа выполнена за счет средств субсидии, выделенной Казанскому федеральному университету для выполнения государственного задания в сфере научной деятельности по проекту № FZSM — 2023 — 0017 «Экономика импортозамещения региона в условиях трансформации логистических цепочек и деглобализации».</p></ack><ref-list><ref id="en-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdulla, A. 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