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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><issn publication-format="print">2411-1406</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17059/ekon.reg.2025-2-18</article-id><title-group xml:lang="en"><article-title>Internal Migration in Kaliningrad Oblast: New and Old Tendencies </article-title></title-group><title-group xml:lang="ru"><article-title>Внутренняя миграция в Калининградской области: новые и старые тенденции</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8479-413X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lialina </surname><given-names>Anna V. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лялина</surname><given-names>Анна Валентиновна </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>anutamazova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8477-5342</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gumenyuk </surname><given-names>Ivan S. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуменюк </surname><given-names>Иван Сергеевич </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>IGumeniuk@kantiana.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5502-8866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotnikova </surname><given-names>Angelina P. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плотникова </surname><given-names>Ангелина Петровна </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>a.plotnikova.1416@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-26" publication-format="electronic"/><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>514</fpage><lpage>529</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-06"/><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-20"/></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright © 2025  </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru"> </copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read/><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="html" mimetype="text/html" xlink:title="article webpage" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1185">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1185</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" mimetype="application/pdf" xlink:title="article pdf" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1185/437">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1185/437</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Internal migration in Kaliningrad Oblast has become a key factor for the region’s balanced development amid declining net migration from outside its borders. In recent years, internal migration patterns have shifted significantly due to socio-economic disparities among districts. Both the volume and geographic structure of migration flows between districts and settlements have undergone transformation. This study aims to identify and explain the changes in internal migration dynamics in 2020–2023 compared to the earlier period of 2011–2019. The analysis employs general scientific and statistical methods, typology, as well as sociological and cartographic approaches. The analysis draws on official migration statistics from Kaliningradstat (the regional statistical agency) covering municipal, rural, and urban areas, as well as data from a population survey on migration intentions conducted in March–April 2024. The results indicate a trend toward population concentration in the regional center and suburbanization in the western part of the region. These patterns are driven by a combination of motivations to improve quality of life and increased economic and investment activity around the regional capital. While rural-to-urban migration and broader urbanization trends persist, they are now more pronounced in the eastern districts, whereas the influx into the Kaliningrad agglomeration has notably slowed. This shift is primarily attributed to the effects of the “poverty trap.” Additionally, transit migration has emerged across the outer suburban belt and the rapidly developing Guryevsky District, facilitated by improved transport accessibility and smaller cost-of-living differentials compared to peripheral areas. Nonetheless, it is premature to conclude that these observed transformations represent a completed shift toward a new internal migration regime in the region.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Внутренняя миграция населения в Калининградской области представляет собой важнейший ресурс сбалансированного развития региона в условиях снижения миграционного прироста из-за его пределов. Обусловленная внутренними пространственными диспропорциями в социально-экономическом развитии области, в последние годы она претерпела значительные изменения, которые касаются как объемов, так и географии потоков между муниципалитетами и поселениями. Цель исследования состоит в выявлении и обосновании произошедших изменений во внутренней миграции населения области в 2020–2023 гг. по сравнению с более раним периодом (2011–2019 гг.). В работе использованы общенаучные и статистические методы, типология, социологические и картографические методы. Информационную основу составили данные Калининградстата о миграционных процессах в регионе на уровне муниципалитетов, сельской и городской местности, данные проведенного весной 2024 г. массового опроса населения Калининградской области о миграционных настроениях. Исследование показало, что в регионе протекают процессы концентрации населения в областном центре и субурбанизации в западной части области по причинам распространения миграционной мотивации, обусловленной стремлением повысить качество жизни, с одной стороны, и ростом хозяйственной и инвестиционной активности вокруг региональной столицы, с другой. Урбанизация и сопряженные с ней потоки сельско-городской миграции сохраняются, но, главным образом, на востоке области, в то время как переток населения в Калининградскую агломерацию существенно замедлился. Причинами этого служит комплекс факторов, главным из которых является существование «ловушек бедности». Имеет место также транзитная миграция через пояс дальней пригородной зоны и быстрорастущий пригород областного центра – Гурьевский МО, вследствие возрастания транспортной доступности Калининграда и менее заметных градиентов в стоимости жизни по сравнению с периферией. Однако утверждать о завершенности выявленных трансформаций и переходе на новый характер процессов внутренней миграции населения в регионе преждевременно.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>internal migration</kwd><kwd>rural-urban migration</kwd><kwd>migration ties</kwd><kwd>municipalities</kwd><kwd>spatial features</kwd><kwd>periphery</kwd><kwd>center</kwd><kwd>agglomeration</kwd><kwd>migration connectivity</kwd><kwd>Kaliningrad Oblast</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внутренняя миграция</kwd><kwd>сельско-городская миграция</kwd><kwd>миграционные связи</kwd><kwd>муниципальные образования</kwd><kwd>пространственные особенности</kwd><kwd>периферия</kwd><kwd>центр</kwd><kwd>агломерация</kwd><kwd>миграционная связность</kwd><kwd>Калининградская область</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body/><back><ack xml:lang="en"><p>This study was supported by grant No 23-77-01102, https://rscf.ru/project/23-77-01102/.</p></ack><ack xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-77-01102, https://rscf.ru/project/23-77-01102/.</p></ack><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вакуленко, Е. 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