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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><issn publication-format="print">2411-1406</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17059/ekon.reg.2025-3-5</article-id><title-group xml:lang="en"><article-title>Russian–Chinese Foreign Economic Relations: An Intersectoral Analysis</article-title></title-group><title-group xml:lang="ru"><article-title>Российско-китайские внешнеэкономические отношения:  межотраслевой анализ</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2990-3097</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotov </surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котов</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>alexandr-kotov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Europe of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт Европы РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-27" publication-format="electronic"/><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>643</fpage><lpage>654</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-31"/><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-26"/></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright © 2025  </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru"> </copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read/><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="html" mimetype="text/html" xlink:title="article webpage" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1138">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1138</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" mimetype="application/pdf" xlink:title="article pdf" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1138/453">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1138/453</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The transformation of Russia’s foreign economic relations has turned China into its key trading partner. This article examines the ongoing reconfiguration of bilateral economic ties in the context of an evolving strategic partnership, the emergence of economic blocs, and the search for new areas of cooperation. The analysis applies system-based, intersectoral, and structural methods to explore foreign trade dynamics between the two countries. Using the 21-sector FIGARO model, the study traces the growing interdependence of their economies. Findings indicate that while political relations have reached a high level, this has not yet translated into a corresponding depth of economic integration. Russia’s economic involvement is most pronounced in intersectoral supplies of intermediate goods. Meanwhile, China’s economy remains largely self-sufficient, despite a modest increase in sectoral dependencies on Russia. The analysis of investment clusters, consumption, gross output, and direct cost coefficients shows that Russia and China are following a relatively fixed path in their bilateral economic relations, which continue to develop at a slow pace. Russia’s dependence on Chinese technologies and markets may increase if the current pattern of interaction remains unchanged. Sanctions further reinforce this trend, as Chinese businesses are cautious about engaging with Russia. Nonetheless, there are opportunities to strengthen production cooperation, driven by both external factors, such as the U.S.–China trade conflict, and bilateral initiatives, including joint projects in the Arctic and collaboration within the EAEU. Developing a balanced, strategically deep economic partnership with China could serve as a test case for strengthening cooperation with other friendly nations, enhancing the long-term resilience of the Russian economy. The article’s findings may be of particular interest to scholars and policymakers in foreign economic relations.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Трансформация внешнеэкономических связей выдвинула Китай в качестве ключевого внешнеторгового партнёра России. В статье рассматриваются проблемы перенастройки хозяйственных связей между двумя странами в контексте усиления общего стратегического партнерства, формирования блоков в мировой экономике, поиска новых ниш кооперации. Внешнеторговые взаимодействия двух стран изучались методами системного, межотраслевого анализа. В рамках 21-отраслевой модели FIGARO последовательно проанализирована динамика взаимозависимости экономик двух стран. Показано, что темп прироста межотраслевых связей РФ с КНР по объемам промежуточной продукции устойчиво рос в трёх периодах развития сотрудничества: с 2010 г. до первой волны санкций 2014 г., затем в условиях санкций до пандемии 2019 г., наконец, в постпандемийном восстановлении, включая ужесточение ограничительных мер в 2022 г. Хозяйство Китая, несмотря на небольшое увеличение секторальных зависимостей от России, остаётся весьма самодостаточным. Анализ блоков инвестиций, потребления, валового выпуска, коэффициентов прямых затрат обнаруживает, что в российско-китайском взаимодействии сложилась «колея». В рамках неё двусторонние экономические отношения развиваются медленнее, чем хотелось бы. Сохранение современного вектора межотраслевых взаимодействий может привести к усилению зависимости России от китайских технологий и рынка. Закреплению нынешней ситуации способствует санкционный фактор, из-за которого китайские хозяйствующие субъекты опасаются сотрудничать. В статье сделан вывод, что, тем не менее, как под действием внешних (обострение торгового конфликта Китая с США), так и двусторонних факторов (расширение сотрудничества в Арктике, по линии взаимодействия с ЕАЭС), резерв углубления производственной кооперации есть. Выстраивание сбалансированной стратегической глубины экономического взаимодействия с Китаем может стать пилотным проектом для разработки мер сотрудничества с дружественными странами в целях обеспечения долгосрочной устойчивости российской экономики. Анализ и выводы, содержащиеся в статье, могут представлять интерес для исследователей и лиц, принимающих решения в области внешнеэкономической политики.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>foreign trade</kwd><kwd>export markets</kwd><kwd>integration</kwd><kwd>inter-industry analysis</kwd><kwd>geo-economic competition</kwd><kwd>fragmentation</kwd><kwd>cooperation</kwd><kwd>interdependence</kwd><kwd>import dependence</kwd><kwd>sanctions</kwd><kwd>investments</kwd><kwd>consumption</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>внешняя торговля</kwd><kwd>экспортные рынки</kwd><kwd>интеграция</kwd><kwd>межотраслевой анализ</kwd><kwd>геоэкономическая конкуренция</kwd><kwd>фрагментация</kwd><kwd>кооперация</kwd><kwd>взаимозависимость</kwd><kwd>импортозависимость</kwd><kwd>санкции</kwd><kwd>инвестиции</kwd><kwd>потребление</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андреева, Е. 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