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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><issn publication-format="print">2411-1406</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17059/ekon.reg.2025-3-19</article-id><title-group xml:lang="en"><article-title>Key Hubs of the Polar Silk Road: Sustainable Arctic Routes</article-title></title-group><title-group xml:lang="ru"><article-title>Ключевые транспортные узлы полярного Шелкового пути: надежные и экологически безопасные  арктические маршруты</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7012-2079</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pitukhina</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Питухина </surname><given-names>Мария Александровна </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>maria.pitukhina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-6696</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belykh </surname><given-names>Anastasia D. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белых </surname><given-names>Анастасия Дмитриевна </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>anastasiya.belykh098@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4162-8342</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolstoguzov </surname><given-names>Oleg V. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толстогузов </surname><given-names>Олег Викторович </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>olvito@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Petrozavodsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Петрозаводский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Petrozavodsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Петрозаводский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-27" publication-format="electronic"/><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>848</fpage><lpage>858</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-20"/><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-22"/></history><self-uri content-type="html" mimetype="text/html" xlink:title="article webpage" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1120">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1120</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" mimetype="application/pdf" xlink:title="article pdf" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1120/467">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1120/467</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Murmansk and Arkhangelsk ports have significant potential and are well-positioned to accommodate the growing traffic of the Northern Sea Route (NSR). It is projected that by 2030 the cargo turnover of both ports will increase, which underscores the importance of ensuring sustainable navigation along this route. Such sustainability depends heavily on accurate ice forecasting and the optimization of operational windows. Against this backdrop, this study examines the capacities of three key Polar Silk Road hubs — Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, and Qingdao, focusing on their roles in supporting NSR development. Accurate forecasting of ice conditions in the NSR water area is a critical prerequisite for the reliable planning of shipping operations. Although all three ports contribute to Polar Silk Road connectivity, they differ substantially in cargo volumes and structures, as well as in the types of vessels they service. Using 2022 annual reports from Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, and Qingdao, we analysed a set of comparable indicators, including cargo turnover, waste utilization, and emissions of harmful substances from vessels. To complement this, we also examined Chinese models for port infrastructure development and for integrating ice forecasting with navigation window optimization along the NSR. The comparative analysis reveals that rising port productivity, when accompanied by increased environmental protection expenditures, substantially reduces waste flows but does not necessarily result in lower harmful emissions. This finding points to differentiated strategic priorities: for Arkhangelsk, enhancing waste utilization capacity; for Qingdao, increasing environmental protection investment and achieving CO₂ emissions neutrality; and for Murmansk, accelerating the implementation of AI-driven solutions.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Порты Мурманска и Архангельска обладают значительным потенциалом и выгодным географическим положением для обслуживания растущих объёмов перевозок по Северному морскому пути (СМП). Ожидается, что их грузооборот вырастет к 2030 г., что повышает значение бесперебойного и экологически безопасного судоходства на этом направлении. Достижение этой цели во многом зависит от точного прогнозирования ледовой обстановки и оптимизации навигационных окон. В настоящем исследовании анализируются мощности трёх ключевых узлов Полярного шелкового пути — Мурманска, Архангельска и Циндао, с акцентом на их роль в развитии СМП. Несмотря на общий вклад этих портов в формирование транспортной связности, они заметно различаются по объёмам и структуре грузов, а также по типам обслуживаемых судов. Анализ годовых отчётов за 2022 г. охватывал такие показатели, как грузооборот, уровень утилизации отходов и объём выбросов вредных веществ от судов. Дополнительно рассмотрены китайские модели развития портовой инфраструктуры и возможность совмещения прогнозирования ледовой обстановки с оптимизацией навигационных окон вдоль СМП. Сравнительный анализ показал, что рост производительности портов при увеличении затрат на охрану окружающей среды позволяет значительно снизить объём отходов, однако не всегда приводит к уменьшению выбросов вредных веществ. Это определяет различия в стратегических приоритетах: для Архангельска первостепенное значение имеет наращивание мощностей по утилизации отходов, для Циндао — увеличение инвестиций в экологические мероприятия и достижение углеродной нейтральности, а для Мурманска — ускоренное внедрение решений на основе искусственного интеллекта.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Polar Silk Road</kwd><kwd>port capacity</kwd><kwd>Hydrogen 5G Model</kwd><kwd>NSR navigation window</kwd><kwd>Northern Sea Route</kwd><kwd>environmental protection</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Полярный шелковый путь</kwd><kwd>портовые мощности</kwd><kwd>модель Hydrogen 5G</kwd><kwd>навигационное окно СМП</kwd><kwd>Северный морской путь</kwd><kwd>охрана окружающей среды</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blunden, M. (2012). Geopolitics and the Northern Sea Route. 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