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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><issn publication-format="print">2072-6414</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17059/ekon.reg.2024-3-12</article-id><title-group xml:lang="en"><article-title>Measuring the Efficiency of Public Employment Services in Russia: Which Regions Have Similarities?</article-title></title-group><title-group xml:lang="ru"><article-title>Измерение эффективности деятельности органов государственной  службы занятости в России: поиск сходств между регионами</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4464</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Brunow </surname><given-names>Stephan </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брунов </surname><given-names>Cтефан </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>stephan.brunow@arbeitsagentur.de</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9336-8100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kunitsyna </surname><given-names>Natalia N. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куницына</surname><given-names>Наталья Николаевна </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>nkunitcyna@ncfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Applied Labour Studies (HdBA)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет прикладных трудовых исследований</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Caucasus Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-30" publication-format="electronic"/><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>787</fpage><lpage>801</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-03-04"/><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-20"/></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright © 2024 Stephan Brunow, Natalia N. Kunitsyna</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright © 2024 Cтефан Брунов, Наталья Николаевна Куницына</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stephan Brunow, Natalia N. Kunitsyna</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Cтефан Брунов, Наталья Николаевна Куницына</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read/><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="html" mimetype="text/html" xlink:title="article webpage" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1014">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1014</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" mimetype="application/pdf" xlink:title="article pdf" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1014/335">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1014/335</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Public Employment Services provide support for firms and individuals in finding new employment opportunities. They are important actors at the labour market, since well-functioning services reduce costs of search friction and increase matching efficiency. In this paper we adopt the regional classification scheme to identify similarities of regions and their PES on the basis of regional labour market-oriented characteristics. The purpose of the scientific search is the theoretical justification and empirical confirmation of Russian regions’ similarity in terms of employment level and the formulation of areas for increasing the efficiency of public employment services. The tasks were solved using expert analytical methods, analysis of statistical rows, clustering and cartography. The clustering is based on Ward’s hierarchical method, clusters are plotted on weighted standardised data. The official information from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation (Rosstat) are analysed. We identified 7 clusters, in which PES have rather similar conditions. The heterogeneity of conditions is higher between clusters. PES within a cluster are valid for comparison and the adoption of new services and best practice examples. We show that the classification of the Russian Economic Zones does not necessarily cover similarities at local labour markets. The practical significance of the results is due to the possibility of using them to develop decisions for long – and short-term support for employment and the formation of an optimal labour market structure both at the state level and at the level of constituent entities of the Federation.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Органы государственной службы занятости (ГСЗ) оказывают поддержку фирмам и частным лицам в поиске новых возможностей трудоустройства. Они играют важную роль на рынке труда, поскольку их эффективная деятельность позволяет сократить издержки предпринимателей при подборе персонала. В данной работе для выявления сходств субъектов Федерации с точки зрения эффективности деятельности органов ГСЗ используется классификация российских экономических зон по основным характеристикам рынка труда. Цель исследования – теоретическое обоснование и эмпирическое подтверждение сходства регионов России по уровню занятости и формулировка направлений повышения эффективности деятельности органов ГСЗ. Для решения поставленных исследовательских задач применялись экспертно-аналитические методы, анализ статистических рядов, кластеризация и картография. На основе взвешенных стандартизированных данных проведена кластеризация экономических зон с помощью иерархического метода Уорда. Для этого были проанализированы официальные данные Федеральной службы государственной статистики Российской Федерации (Росстата). Авторы выделили 7 кластеров, в которых органы ГСЗ имеют довольно схожие условия и результаты деятельности. При этом неоднородность условий между кластерами достаточно высока. Органы ГСЗ в пределах каждого кластера пригодны для сравнения с точки зрения однородности, что позволяет рекомендовать аналогичные направления совершенствования оказываемых услуг с позиции передовой практики. Было выявлено, что классификация российских экономических зон не в полной мере коррелирует с границами региональных рынков труда. Практическая значимость результатов обусловлена возможностью их использования для выработки решений по долгосрочной и краткосрочной поддержке занятости и формированию оптимальной структуры рынка труда, как на государственном уровне, так и на уровне субъектов Федерации.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>public employment services, employees, unemployed people, job performance, regional classification, agglomerative hierarchical clustering procedure, Ward’s method</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>государственные службы занятости, работники, безработные, производительность труда, региональная классификация, метод агломеративной иерархической кластеризации, метод Уорда</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование было проведено при поддержке Университета прикладных трудовых исследований  в 2021 году и Северо-Кавказского федерального университета. Авторы выражают особую благодарность Александру Джиоеву за его важную поддержку и ценный вклад в эту работу. Он участвовал в подготовке обзора литературы, сборе данных и создании Рисунков 3 и 4. Он отказался от приглашения стать соавтором.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body/><back><ack xml:lang="en"><p>The reported study has been prepared with the support of the University of Applied Labour Studies (HdBA) in 2021 and by the North Caucasus Federal University. The authors would like to especially thank Aleksandr Dzhioev for his important support and valuable contributions to that paper. He was involved in the preparation of the literature review, the data collection and drawing of Figures 3 and 4. He refused an invitation to become a co-author.</p></ack><ref-list><ref id="en-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blien U., &amp; Hirschenauer F. (2018). A new classification of regional labour markets in Germany. 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Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost [Social sciences and contemporary world], (5), 5-17. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref7"><label>7</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dynnikova O., Kyobe, A. J., &amp; Slavov S. T. (2021). Regional Disparities and Fiscal Federalism in Russia. IMF Working Papers, 2021/144.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref8"><label>8</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dmitriev, M. E., Zolotareva, A. B., &amp; Krapil V. B. (2018). Administrative Processes Optimization Directions (On the Example of the Employment Service). Voprosy gosudarstvennogo i munitsipalnogo upravleniya [Public Administration Issues], (1), 7-28. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref9"><label>9</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galanina A. (2018). Employment services will learn to work. Izvestiya.ru. https://iz.ru/773686/angelina-galanina/sluzhby-zaniatosti-nauchat-rabotat (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref10"><label>10</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garsiya-Iser M., Golodec O., &amp; Smirnov S. (1995). Creation and preservation of jobs, the role of the State Employment Fund. Chelovek i trud, (11), 4-8. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref11"><label>11</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garsiya-Iser M., Golodec O., &amp; Smirnov S. (1997). Critical situations in the labor market. Voprosy ekonomiki, (2), 124-129. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref12"><label>12</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khairov B., Zaripova R., Khairova S., &amp; Pinigina A. (2020). The procedure of evaluation of public services rendering by the employment authorities (using the example of the Omsk region). Vektor nauki Tolyattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Ekonomika i upravlenie [Science Vector of Togliatti State University. Series: Economics and Management], (4), 40-48. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref13"><label>13</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamilton L. C. (1991). How robust is robust regression? Stata Technical Bulletin, 2, 21–26. </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref14"><label>14</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivanova V., &amp; Bezdenezhnykh T. (2002). Upravlenie zanyatostyu naseleniya na mestnom urovne [Local employment management]. Moscow, Finansy i statistika. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref15"><label>15</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalinina I., &amp; Maslennikov V. (2015). Analysis of foreign experience of organization of work of the employment service of providing public employment services. Ekonomika i predprinimatelstvo [Journal of Economy and entrepreneurship], (9-2), 94-99. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref16"><label>16</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuznetsova P. (2019). Improvement of methodology of assessment of quality and availability of providing public and municipal services. Gosudarstvennoe i munitsipalnoe upravlenie. Uchenye zapiski [State and Municipal Management. Scholar Notes], (3). (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref17"><label>17</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuznecov M. (2020). The problem of diversification of the activities of the employment service. Uchenye zapiski Rossiyskoy Akademii predprinimatelstva [Scientific notes of the Russian academy of entrepreneurship], 19 (1), 193-200. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref18"><label>18</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kyazimov K. (1997). It is impossible to abandon an active employment policy. Chelovek i trud, (10), 54-57. (In Russ.) </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref19"><label>19</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lyakh P. (2021). Information of the unemployed population of employment services in Khabarovsk krai. Uchenye zametki TOGU [Scientists notes PNU], 12 (1), 108-112. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref20"><label>20</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Popova, S. S., Boiko, S. A., Gokhshtand, E. V., Nedrov, A. A., &amp; Shevchuk A. R. (2021) Digitalization of Public Employment Service. Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie. Elektronnyy vestnik [Public administration. E-journal], (86), 264-283. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref21"><label>21</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roganov E. (1995). The road will be mastered by the walking. Chelovek i trud, (12), 34-35. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref22"><label>22</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sidorenko S. (2004). Effektivnost deyatelnosti organov sluzhby zanyatosti: otsenka na osnove sbalansirovannoy sistemy pokazateley [The performance of public employment service: an assessment based on a balanced scorecard]. (Candidate of science dissertation). Moscow: Moscow State University. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref23"><label>23</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smirnov S. (1996). The system of evaluating the effectiveness of employment policy in the region. Chelovek i trud, (12), 30-32. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref24"><label>24</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smirnov S. (1998). Methods for assessing the state employment policy. Voprosy statistiki, (4). (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref25"><label>25</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Starovoitova I., &amp; Zolotareva T. (2001). Zanyatost naseleniya i ee regulirovanie [Employment of the population and its regulation]. Moscow, Akademia. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref26"><label>26</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stuken T., Lapina T., &amp; Korzhova O. (2021). Methods and tools for assessing the effectiveness of regional active labor market policy. Vestnik Omskogo universiteta. Seriya «Ekonomika» [Herald of Omsk University. Series “Economics”], (1), 120-130. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref27"><label>27</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vishnevskaya N., &amp; Zudina A. (2019). Unemployment benefits and labour market in OECD and Russia. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya [World Eсonomy and International Relations], 63 (12), 32-41. (In Ru</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>